Thesis Desarrollo y análisis de la estructura poblacional de la carrera Ingeniería Civil Electrónica
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Date
2025-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar y desarrollar la estructura poblacional a través de la evolución de la matrícula de Ingeniería Civil Electrónica en Chile entre 2007 y 2024. El estudio resulta relevante al situarse en el marco de las carreras STEM, tradicionalmente caracterizadas por brechas de género favorables a los hombres. El objeto de estudio se centró en la construcción de una estructura poblacional de la matrícula, considerando variables como edad, género, universidad, clasificación institucional, tipo de establecimiento educacional de origen, región y zona geográfica. El análisis se sustentó en el enfoque demográfico y en conceptos asociados a la brecha de género en STEM, tales como segregación horizontal, estereotipos de género y techo de cristal. Metodológicamente, se recurrió a la base de matrícula histórica de MiFuturo.cl y a técnicas de estadística descriptiva, aplicadas a través de series temporales y gráficos comparativos. Los resultados evidenciaron una brecha de género persistente, que en 2024 alcanzó un 90,51 % de hombres frente a un 9,49 % de mujeres. La matrícula se concentró históricamente en la zona centro, con un máximo de 90,48 % en 2010, aunque disminuyó al 64,67 % en 2024, mostrando signos de diversificación territorial. Asimismo, la oferta se concentró en universidades tradicionales como la UTFSM, la PUCV y la UDEC, quienes lograron una distribución de 57,24% de los matriculados totales en el 2024 pese a la incorporación progresiva de nuevas instituciones. La matrícula refleja brechas de género persistentes y de difícil erradicación a corto plazo, mientras que la distribución territorial y universitaria presenta una tendencia hacia la diversificación.
The objective of this research is to analyze and develop the population structure through the evolution of enrollment in Electronic Civil Engineering in Chile between 2007 and 2024. This study is relevant as it is framed within STEM careers, which have traditionally been characterized by gender gaps favoring men. The research focused on constructing the population structure of enrollment, considering variables such as age, gender, university, institutional classification, type of prior educational institution, region, and geographic zone. The analysis was based on a demographic approach and on concepts related to the gender gap in STEM, such as horizontal segregation, gender stereotypes, and the glass ceiling. Methodologically, the study relied on the historical enrollment database from MiFuturo.cl and descriptive statistical techniques, applied through time series and comparative charts. The results revealed a persistent gender gap, reaching 90.51% male students compared to 9.49% female students in 2024. Enrollment was historically concentrated in the central zone, peaking at 90.48% in 2010, although it declined to 64.67% in 2024, showing signs of territorial diversification. Likewise, enrollment was concentrated in traditional universities such as UTFSM, PUCV, and UDEC, which accounted for 57.24% of total enrollment in 2024, despite the progressive incorporation of new institutions. Overall, enrollment reflects persistent gender gaps that are difficult to eradicate in the short term, while territorial and institutional distribution shows a trend toward diversification.
The objective of this research is to analyze and develop the population structure through the evolution of enrollment in Electronic Civil Engineering in Chile between 2007 and 2024. This study is relevant as it is framed within STEM careers, which have traditionally been characterized by gender gaps favoring men. The research focused on constructing the population structure of enrollment, considering variables such as age, gender, university, institutional classification, type of prior educational institution, region, and geographic zone. The analysis was based on a demographic approach and on concepts related to the gender gap in STEM, such as horizontal segregation, gender stereotypes, and the glass ceiling. Methodologically, the study relied on the historical enrollment database from MiFuturo.cl and descriptive statistical techniques, applied through time series and comparative charts. The results revealed a persistent gender gap, reaching 90.51% male students compared to 9.49% female students in 2024. Enrollment was historically concentrated in the central zone, peaking at 90.48% in 2010, although it declined to 64.67% in 2024, showing signs of territorial diversification. Likewise, enrollment was concentrated in traditional universities such as UTFSM, PUCV, and UDEC, which accounted for 57.24% of total enrollment in 2024, despite the progressive incorporation of new institutions. Overall, enrollment reflects persistent gender gaps that are difficult to eradicate in the short term, while territorial and institutional distribution shows a trend toward diversification.
Description
Keywords
Ingeniería civil electrónica, Estructura poblacional, Educación superior, Brecha de género, Electronic civil engineering, population structure, Higher education, gender gap
