Thesis GNL VEHICULAR EN CHILE. PROPUESTA DE UNA NORMATIVA
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
La energía no solo tiene usos industriales, comerciales y residenciales, sino quetambién es utilizada en forma importante en el transporte. En el transporteterrestre pesado hoy en día se utiliza principalmente diesel, combustible fósilque presenta emisiones importantes. En Chile, existe una preocupación por elefecto invernadero, zonas con planes descontaminación, sociedad másempoderada en temáticas ambientales, y ante esto el gas natural aparece comoalternativa más amigable frente al diesel.En el transporte en Chile, el uso de gas vehicular se ha estado utilizando perono se ha masificado. Como combustible vehicular, se utilizan el GNC (Gasnatural comprimido) y GLP (Gas licuado de petróleo). En Punta Arenas, unalínea de buses opera a GNC y en el resto del país, solo vehículos livianos delocomoción colectiva y de empresas, utilizan GNC y GLP. Otro combustible esel gas natural licuado (GNL), que es importado por Chile, para ser regasificadoen los terminales (GNL Quinteros y GNL Mejillones) para alimentar las redes degas natural o ser transportado como líquido en camiones cisternas para serusado en usos residenciales e industriales.El GNL puede ser usado como combustible vehicular y presenta una economíade ámbito pues también puede ser utilizado para producir GNC.El presente trabajo desarrolla una propuesta de los diferentes elementos quedebieran considerarse para establecer una normativa que permita desarrollar latecnología del GNL vehicular.El desarrollo de este trabajo muestra que las brechas pueden ser cubiertasadoptando estándares internacionales y prácticas referidas a las PSR de GNL.En un principio el desarrollo de la tecnología puede ingresar como proyectosespeciales, que deberán ser respaldados en normas reconocidas y aceptadas.El desarrollo de la normativa, de manera que la tecnología sea segura, sedeben establecer estándares de diseño, construcción, análisis de riesgos,certificación de la ingeniería y construcción, inspección, operación, mantencióny emergencias.En este trabajo, se realiza una propuesta de los requisitos de seguridad para lasestaciones de GNL y también para el sistema vehicular de GNL. En un próximotrabajo puede establecerse propuestas Requisitos de fabricación de loscomponentes del GNL vehicular y Procedimientos para la realización de lainspección periódica de los tanques de GNL vehicular.El uso del GNL en vehículos reemplazaría consumo que actualmente esrealizado con diesel, combustible que se le aplica un impuesto específico. Esteaspecto puede ser abordado estableciendo un impuesto específico para el GNLen base a la equivalencia energética entre ambos combustibles.El reemplazo de diesel por la tecnología de GNL vehicular, presentaríareducciones de emisiones, tanto en tracto camiones y hasta buses. Lasreducciones de emisiones son en CO2, MP y NOx, situación que se invierte enCO.
The energy is not only industrial, commercial and residential uses, but is alsoused significantly in transportation. In heavy ground transportation diesel today,has important fossil fuel emissions is mainly used. In Chile, there is concernabout the greenhouse effect, areas with decontamination plans, moreempowered society in environmental issues, and to this natural gas appears tobe more friendly alternative to diesel.In transport in Chile, the use of NGV has been used but not crowded. As avehicle fuel, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)are used. In Punta Arenas, a line of buses to CNG and operates in the rest ofthe country, only light vehicles and public transportation companies, using CNGand LPG. Another fuel is liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is imported by Chile,to be regasified at the terminal (GNL Quinteros and GNL Mejillones) to feed thenatural gas networks or to be transported as a liquid in tankers for use inapplications residential and industrial.The LNG can be used as vehicle fuel economy and has a scope as can also beused to produce CNG.This paper develops a proposal for the different elements that should beconsidered to establish rules allowing the development of LNG vehicletechnology.The development of this work shows that gaps can be covered by adoptinginternational standards and referred to the PSR LNG practices. Initially thedevelopment of technology can enter special projects, which should besupported in recognized and accepted standards.The development of regulations, so that the technology is safe, you should setstandards of design, construction, risk analysis, certification of engineering andconstruction, inspection, operation, maintenance and emergencies.In this paper, a proposal for safety requirements for stations for LNG and LNGvehicle system is performed. In a next job requirements can be establishedproposals manufacturing LNG vehicular components and procedures forperforming periodic inspection of vehicular LNG tanks.The use of LNG vehicles would replace current consumption is done with dieselfuel that applies a specific tax. This aspect can be addressed by establishing aspecific tax for LNG based on energy equivalency between the two fuels.The replacement of diesel by LNG vehicular technology, emission reductionswould present both trucks and even buses tract. The emission reductions areCO2, NOx and PM, a situation that is invested in CO.
The energy is not only industrial, commercial and residential uses, but is alsoused significantly in transportation. In heavy ground transportation diesel today,has important fossil fuel emissions is mainly used. In Chile, there is concernabout the greenhouse effect, areas with decontamination plans, moreempowered society in environmental issues, and to this natural gas appears tobe more friendly alternative to diesel.In transport in Chile, the use of NGV has been used but not crowded. As avehicle fuel, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)are used. In Punta Arenas, a line of buses to CNG and operates in the rest ofthe country, only light vehicles and public transportation companies, using CNGand LPG. Another fuel is liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is imported by Chile,to be regasified at the terminal (GNL Quinteros and GNL Mejillones) to feed thenatural gas networks or to be transported as a liquid in tankers for use inapplications residential and industrial.The LNG can be used as vehicle fuel economy and has a scope as can also beused to produce CNG.This paper develops a proposal for the different elements that should beconsidered to establish rules allowing the development of LNG vehicletechnology.The development of this work shows that gaps can be covered by adoptinginternational standards and referred to the PSR LNG practices. Initially thedevelopment of technology can enter special projects, which should besupported in recognized and accepted standards.The development of regulations, so that the technology is safe, you should setstandards of design, construction, risk analysis, certification of engineering andconstruction, inspection, operation, maintenance and emergencies.In this paper, a proposal for safety requirements for stations for LNG and LNGvehicle system is performed. In a next job requirements can be establishedproposals manufacturing LNG vehicular components and procedures forperforming periodic inspection of vehicular LNG tanks.The use of LNG vehicles would replace current consumption is done with dieselfuel that applies a specific tax. This aspect can be addressed by establishing aspecific tax for LNG based on energy equivalency between the two fuels.The replacement of diesel by LNG vehicular technology, emission reductionswould present both trucks and even buses tract. The emission reductions areCO2, NOx and PM, a situation that is invested in CO.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
COMBUSTIBLE VEHICULAR, GAS NATURAL LICUADO, MARCO REGULATORIO