Thesis INCORPORACIÓN DE RESTRICCIONES ASOCIADAS A LA FALTA DE INERCIA EN LOS PREDESPACHOS DEL SING ANTE ESCENARIOS DE ALTA PENETRACIÓN DE ERNC
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Date
2017-03
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Campus
Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
La alta penetración de energías renovables no convencionales (ERNC), en específico las tecnologías eólicas y solares, provocan que los requerimientos para la regulación primaria de frecuencia aumenten. Esto, debido a que naturalmente estas fuentes de generación no proveen inercia ni aportan al control primario de frecuencia (CPF) en el régimen de subfrecuencias. Una alta generación ERNC tiene un impacto en la operación del sistema, ya que parte de las unidades convencionales que regulan frecuencia son desplazadas del despacho. Este efecto implica operar con una inercia sistémica baja, lo que provoca que ante la salida intempestiva de una unidad generadora, la tasa de caída de frecuencia (RoCoF) sea alta y al mismo tiempo la máxima desviación de la frecuencia (nadir) sea profunda. Ante estos problemas de estabilidad de frecuencia esta memoria desarrolla una metodología de despacho que incorpora un criterio de seguridad post-falla. Este criterio se basa en limitar el nadir a un nivel que cumpla con la normativa vigente, luego de la salida intempestiva de una unidad generadora. Se utiliza un modelo simplificado del comportamiento dinámico de la frecuencia, para obtener estimaciones del nadir ante condiciones determinadas en un despacho. Luego este modelo se incorpora al software PLEXOS mediante una restricción dinámica (RD), esta corresponde a un proceso iterativo donde se vuelve a realizar el despacho cuando no se cumple el criterio establecido para el nadir, pero exigiendo un aumento de reserva en giro en aquellas horas donde el nadir sobrepasa el límite establecido (lo que obliga a encender y/o apagar nuevas unidades y operar con una inercia sistémica mayor).La metodología se implementa en el Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande (SING) considerando 3 escenarios con distintas capacidades ERNC instaladas: 725, 1.261 y 1.694 [MW] al año 2018.En dichos escenarios, se evalúan las horas donde el nadir sobrepasa el límite, las inercias, las reservas y el despacho considerando un caso Base (sin implementar la RD) y un caso implementando la RD. Los resultados indican cómo debe ser el despacho para las unidades convencionales, para permitir la integración de las ERNC al sistema, asegurando estabilidad en la frecuencia y una operación económica. Este despacho implica el encendido de unidades térmicas (principalmente las GNL), por activación de la RD en las horas donde aparece el recurso solar fotovoltaico. Lo anterior permite que el sistema se despache con una inercia sistémica suficiente para hacer frente a los problemas de estabilidad de frecuencia.
High penetration of non conventional renewable energies (NCRE), specifically solar photovoltaic and wind turbines, will increase the primary frequency regulation requirements due to their lack of inertia and their neglible contribution to the primary frequency control (PFC) in the underfrequency phase. In a high NCRE generation scenario, some of the conventional generation units that contribute to the frequency regulation are turned off in the dispatch. This effect implies to operate the power system in a low inertia scenario, producing a high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and a deep máximum frequency deviation (frequency nadir) under a generation loss event. Due to these frequency stability problems, a dispatch methodology which incorporates a post-fault security criteria is developed in this work. This is based on a frequency nadir limitation to achieve the current security standards.A simplified model of frequency dynamics is used to obtain a frequency nadir estimation using the dispatch data in order to be incorporated into PLEXOS software through a dynamic constraint (RD). When the frequency nadir does not meet the security standards criteria, the RD becomes an iterative process that performs a new dispatch in which an additional spin reserve requirement is taken into account (which forces the generators on/off switched and allow to operate the system with a higher inertia). This occurs during the hours when the frequency nadir exceeds its limit. The methodology is implemented on the Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande (SING) with 3 different scenarios with 725, 1.261 and 1.694[MW] of NCRE installed capacity in 2018. For these scenarios, the hours in which the frequency nadir exceeds its limit, the inertia, the reserves and the dispatch are evaluated in a Base case (without the RD implementation) and in a RD case.The results show a feasible solution of the dispatch to the conventional generation units that makes possible the integration of a high NCRE scenario and the insurance of the frequency stability criteria.The dispatch implies to turn on the thermal units (principally the LNG units), because of the RD activation during the hours when the solar photovoltaic sources appear. This allow to dispatch the power system with an enough inertia to deal with the frequency stability problems.
High penetration of non conventional renewable energies (NCRE), specifically solar photovoltaic and wind turbines, will increase the primary frequency regulation requirements due to their lack of inertia and their neglible contribution to the primary frequency control (PFC) in the underfrequency phase. In a high NCRE generation scenario, some of the conventional generation units that contribute to the frequency regulation are turned off in the dispatch. This effect implies to operate the power system in a low inertia scenario, producing a high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and a deep máximum frequency deviation (frequency nadir) under a generation loss event. Due to these frequency stability problems, a dispatch methodology which incorporates a post-fault security criteria is developed in this work. This is based on a frequency nadir limitation to achieve the current security standards.A simplified model of frequency dynamics is used to obtain a frequency nadir estimation using the dispatch data in order to be incorporated into PLEXOS software through a dynamic constraint (RD). When the frequency nadir does not meet the security standards criteria, the RD becomes an iterative process that performs a new dispatch in which an additional spin reserve requirement is taken into account (which forces the generators on/off switched and allow to operate the system with a higher inertia). This occurs during the hours when the frequency nadir exceeds its limit. The methodology is implemented on the Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande (SING) with 3 different scenarios with 725, 1.261 and 1.694[MW] of NCRE installed capacity in 2018. For these scenarios, the hours in which the frequency nadir exceeds its limit, the inertia, the reserves and the dispatch are evaluated in a Base case (without the RD implementation) and in a RD case.The results show a feasible solution of the dispatch to the conventional generation units that makes possible the integration of a high NCRE scenario and the insurance of the frequency stability criteria.The dispatch implies to turn on the thermal units (principally the LNG units), because of the RD activation during the hours when the solar photovoltaic sources appear. This allow to dispatch the power system with an enough inertia to deal with the frequency stability problems.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
INTEGRACION ERNC, ESTABILIDAD DE FRECUENCIA, RESPUESTA INERCIAL