Thesis Modelo de negocios para la venta de departamentos habitacionales a través de realidad virtual.
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Date
2015-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Este trabajo de título presentará un modelo de negocios para la inclusión de la realidad virtual en el proceso de venta de departamentos habitacionales en Santiago para potenciar la comercialización de estas propiedades.
El objetivo principal fue diseñar el modelo de negocios y evaluarlo en término económicos para su viabilidad. Se analizaron tres metodologías que apoyan la realización de proyectos. La metodología escogida según este análisis fue la Generación de Modelos de Negocios, conocido como Canvas.
Para alimentar esta metodología se realizó una investigación respecto a la economía nacional, al mercado inmobiliario, un análisis externo de la industria y un análisis FODA del mercado e industria inmobiliaria y tecnológica, lo cual proporcionó como resultado los nueve bloques que componen la metodología Canvas y la información necesaria para la evaluación económica del modelo de negocios.
Los nueve bloques determinados en este estudio corresponden entonces a la Segmentación de Mercado que se compone de 39 inmobiliarias que actualmente están desarrollando 92 proyectos de departamentos en Santiago con un valor por unidad sobre las 8.000 Unidades de Fomento. A este segmento se le ofrecerá la Propuesta de Valor que incluye productos que apoyan el proceso de venta de departamentos desarrollados a través de tecnología como son las aplicaciones para dispositivos inteligentes, modelamiento de departamentos en tres dimensiones con posibilidad de interacción en la sala de ventas y el apoyo a la construcción a través de la implementación de BIM.
Los Canales considerados son la promoción a través de páginas web y ferias especializadas junto a reuniones con clientes, donde se pretenden destinar alrededor de 14,5 millones de pesos anuales. La Relación con los Clientes será personalizada y en algunos casos con creación colectiva para nuevos desarrollos.
Los Recursos Claves son el capital humano requerido, esto es dos arquitectos con habilidad en programación, un programador, un arquitecto y un gerente, todos con habilidades también comerciales y equipos computacionales de última generación para crear productos de máxima calidad. Para este último punto se destinará una inversión de 25 millones de pesos considerando herramientas de todo tipo y el lugar de trabajo.
Las Actividades Claves serán dar a conocer los productos, conseguir el equipo material y humano necesario y realizar las ventas. En cuanto a las Asociaciones Claves, estas corresponderán principalmente al mismo equipo humano de trabajo, es decir, arquitectos y programadores, y por otro lado a clientes.
Las Fuentes de Ingresos corresponderán a la venta de los servicios ofrecidos. Se estima que la venta de estos se iniciará con un pack de ventas de 17 servicios y finalizará el quinto año con un pack de ventas de 204 servicios, explicados por el fuerte crecimiento en la industria de la tecnología.
En cuanto a la Estructura de Costos, los costos fijos, operacionales y de administración, se mantienen relativamente estables a lo largo del periodo evaluado, con un valor algo mayor a los 25 millones de pesos anuales, los sueldos ascienden en la medida que se necesita mantener el equipo humano motivado junto a la necesidad de incluir nuevos profesionales cuando el negocio tenga mayores ventas, entregando un incentivo del 20% de lo vendido y considerando una estructura de sueldos inicial de aproximadamente 95 millones anuales.
La evaluación económica del modelo de negocios entregó una positiva viabilidad para proyecto, que bajo ciertos supuestos, acreditan su éxito en la implementación. Su VAN resulta positivo y cercano a los 125 millones de pesos en el horizonte de 5 años evaluados, con una tasa de descuento del 20% y una tasa de retorno del 34%.
Sin embargo lo anterior, se determinó sensibilizar este análisis con dos variables que resultan ser críticas en la mayoría de los proyectos, como son la proyección de ventas y los costos. En el primer caso, se confirmó la importancia de las ventas para mantener el proyecto rentable, esto implica la necesidad de crecer al menos un 50% en promedio por año en términos de ventas. Respecto de los costos, su impacto no es tan relevante, pero si aumenta desproporcionadamente respecto del nivel de ventas, esto es sobre un 20% anual, pasa a ser una variable crítica para la viabilidad económica del proyecto
Por último se analizó brevemente la posibilidad de financiamiento para este proyecto, donde al considerar una deuda del 50% sobre el flujo del año de puesta en marcha, entregó también un VAN positivo y una tasa de retorno del 40%, lo que da mayor holgura al desarrollo del proyecto a lo largo de los 5 años.
This degree work will show to the reader a business model for the inclusion of virtual reality inside the apartment sales process in Santiago City in order to reinforce the marketing on these properties. The main objective was to design the business model and evaluate it in economic terms for knowing its viability. It has been analyzed three methodologies that support project realizations. After this analysis the chosen methodology was the Business Model Generation known as Canvas. In order to feed this methodology, it was necessary to perform a research to the local economy, real-estate market, an external analysis of the industry and a SWOT analysis of the market, real-estate and technological industry. All of these gave as a result the nine blocks from the Canvas methodology and the required information to do the economical evaluation of the business model. The nine blocks determined in this study corresponds to the Market Segment which is joined by 39 real-estate firms developing nowadays 92 apartment projects in Santiago with an unit price above 8.000 UF. This segment will be offered the Value Proposal which includes products supporting the apartment sales process developed through technology such as mobile apps, 3D apartment renders with interaction possibilities for the customers in the showroom and construction support through BIM implementation. Channels considered are promotion through websites and specialized fairs joined with customer meetings, where an estimated spend of around 14,5 million pesos yearly. Relationship with Customers will be customized and in some cases with collective creation for new developments. Key Resources are the human team required, this is two architects with programming skills, a programmer, an architect and a manager, all of them with high commercial skills and last generation hardware in order to create high quality products. For this very last point it will be necessary an investment of 25 million pesos considering all tooling and workplace. Key Activities will be giving to know the products, achieving the human team and equipment, and making sales. In so far as Key Associations, they will correspond mainly to the same working team, this is architects and programmers, and in the other hand the customers. The main Income Sources will be the sales from the given services. It’s estimated that the sales of these will start with a 17 service pack and end it at the fifth year with a 204 service pack, explained because of the strong growth in the technology industry. In so far as Cost Structure, the fixed, operational and administration costs are quite steady along the evaluation period, with a value slightly over 25 million pesos yearly. Salaries are incremented in order to keep human capital motivated together with the new professionals requirement when the business has increased its sales, by giving a 20% bonus of the sales and considering an annual salary structure of around 95 million pesos. The business model economical evaluation has given a positive viability for the project, under certain assumptions ensure its success in the implementation. Its Net Present Value (NPV) is positive and near to 125 million pesos on a 5-year evaluation period, with a discount rate of 20% and a return over investment rate of 34%. Despite the previous information, it has determined to sensitize this analysis with two variables that are critical in most of the projects, such as sales forecast and costs. In the first case, it’s been confirmed the importance of sales in order to keep the project profitable, this means the needing of growth at least in 50% average per year in sales. Regarding costs, its impact is not so relevant, but if this variable gets increased above the sales level, this is over a 20% per year, it will be a critical variable for the economic viability of the project. Finally, it has been analyzed the financing possibility for this project by considering a debt of 50% over the cash flow at the startup, and it also gave a positive NPV and a ROI of 40%, which gives more looseness along the 5-year project development.
This degree work will show to the reader a business model for the inclusion of virtual reality inside the apartment sales process in Santiago City in order to reinforce the marketing on these properties. The main objective was to design the business model and evaluate it in economic terms for knowing its viability. It has been analyzed three methodologies that support project realizations. After this analysis the chosen methodology was the Business Model Generation known as Canvas. In order to feed this methodology, it was necessary to perform a research to the local economy, real-estate market, an external analysis of the industry and a SWOT analysis of the market, real-estate and technological industry. All of these gave as a result the nine blocks from the Canvas methodology and the required information to do the economical evaluation of the business model. The nine blocks determined in this study corresponds to the Market Segment which is joined by 39 real-estate firms developing nowadays 92 apartment projects in Santiago with an unit price above 8.000 UF. This segment will be offered the Value Proposal which includes products supporting the apartment sales process developed through technology such as mobile apps, 3D apartment renders with interaction possibilities for the customers in the showroom and construction support through BIM implementation. Channels considered are promotion through websites and specialized fairs joined with customer meetings, where an estimated spend of around 14,5 million pesos yearly. Relationship with Customers will be customized and in some cases with collective creation for new developments. Key Resources are the human team required, this is two architects with programming skills, a programmer, an architect and a manager, all of them with high commercial skills and last generation hardware in order to create high quality products. For this very last point it will be necessary an investment of 25 million pesos considering all tooling and workplace. Key Activities will be giving to know the products, achieving the human team and equipment, and making sales. In so far as Key Associations, they will correspond mainly to the same working team, this is architects and programmers, and in the other hand the customers. The main Income Sources will be the sales from the given services. It’s estimated that the sales of these will start with a 17 service pack and end it at the fifth year with a 204 service pack, explained because of the strong growth in the technology industry. In so far as Cost Structure, the fixed, operational and administration costs are quite steady along the evaluation period, with a value slightly over 25 million pesos yearly. Salaries are incremented in order to keep human capital motivated together with the new professionals requirement when the business has increased its sales, by giving a 20% bonus of the sales and considering an annual salary structure of around 95 million pesos. The business model economical evaluation has given a positive viability for the project, under certain assumptions ensure its success in the implementation. Its Net Present Value (NPV) is positive and near to 125 million pesos on a 5-year evaluation period, with a discount rate of 20% and a return over investment rate of 34%. Despite the previous information, it has determined to sensitize this analysis with two variables that are critical in most of the projects, such as sales forecast and costs. In the first case, it’s been confirmed the importance of sales in order to keep the project profitable, this means the needing of growth at least in 50% average per year in sales. Regarding costs, its impact is not so relevant, but if this variable gets increased above the sales level, this is over a 20% per year, it will be a critical variable for the economic viability of the project. Finally, it has been analyzed the financing possibility for this project by considering a debt of 50% over the cash flow at the startup, and it also gave a positive NPV and a ROI of 40%, which gives more looseness along the 5-year project development.
Description
Keywords
Modelo de negocios, Estudio de factibilidad, Innovación tecnológica, Industria inmobiliaria, Realidad virtual, Departamentos habitacionales, Análisis de mercado, Estudio de mercado
