Thesis Desafíos para la fuerza laboral en construcción industrializada
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Date
2023-08
Authors
Bustos Vargas, Juan Pablo Andrés
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Abstract
Chile lleva quince años con productividad estancada en su industria de la construcción. Las causas son múltiples, pero una de ellas es la escasa disponibilidad de fuerza laboral certificada. Por otra parte, la construcción industrializada surge como una metodología que mejora los rendimientos en obra, ya que introduce elementos industrializados, como módulos y prefabricados, en el proceso constructivo. Esto trae como consecuencia dividir el trabajo en dos fases, una que se ubica en fábrica, con ambientes controlados, y otra donde la labor principal es el montaje y puesta en marcha de elementos industrializados en terreno. En cualquiera de las dos fases se requiere de fuerza laboral capacitada, ya que esta metodología no da espacio para la improvisación o aplicación de soluciones artesanales en los trabajos.
Este estudio busca detectar cuál es la formación técnica de los trabajadores y qué percepción tienen a la idea de capacitarse o integrarse a nuevas metodologías de construcción. El plan de trabajo utilizado en este estudio fue la de encuestar a la fuerza laboral en terreno, aplicar una encuesta a profesionales de la construcción y entrevistar a gremios y empresas industrializadas, además de instancias adicionales que surgieron en el desarrollo de esta investigación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la mano de obra efectivamente posee poca capacitación técnica pero muestra disposición a capacitarse e integrarse a nuevas metodologías de construcción.
Frente a esta situación se plantean dos medidas para mejorar la productividad, de las cuales una sería un curso de capacitación en construcción industrializada y sus implicancias en terreno, y otra un programa para profesionalizar oficios, para así contar con fuerza laboral certificada.
La conclusión de este estudio es que hay una gran oportunidad de mejorar los índices de productividad de la industria, esto a través de la capacitación masiva a la fuerza laboral, y dividiéndola de tal manera que una parte migre a la fábrica y otro remanente quede en terreno, ya sea en el montaje de elementos industrializados como en labores que escapan del alcance de la industrialización, como el trazado muros y excavación de zanjas.
Chile has had stagnant productivity in its construction industry for fifteen years. The causes are multiple, but one of them is the scarce availability of certified work force. On the other hand, industrialized construction emerges as a methodology that improves work performance, since it introduces industrialized elements, such as modules and prefabricated elements, in the construction process. This results in dividing the work into two phases, one that is located in the factory, with controlled environme nts, and another where the main task is the assembly and start up of industrialized elements in the field. In any of the two phases, a trained work force is required since this methodology does not allow room for improvisation or the application of artisan solutions in the work. This study seeks to detect the technical training of the workers and what perception they have of the idea of training or integrating into new construction methodologies. The work plan used in this study was to survey the workforce in the field, apply a survey to construction professionals and interview unions and industrialized companies, in addition to additional instances that arose in the development of this research. The results obtained show that the workforce has little technical training but shows a willingness to train and integrate into new construction methodologies. Faced with this situation, two measures are proposed to improve productivity, which would be a training course in industrialized construction and its implications in the field, and a program to professionalize trades, in order to have a certified workforce. The conclusion of this study is that there is a great opportunity to improve the productivity indices of the industry, this through massive training of the work force, and dividing it in such a way that a part migrates to the factory and the other remains in the field, either in the assembly of industrialized elements or in tasks that are beyond the scope of industrialization, such as laying out walls and digging trenches.
Chile has had stagnant productivity in its construction industry for fifteen years. The causes are multiple, but one of them is the scarce availability of certified work force. On the other hand, industrialized construction emerges as a methodology that improves work performance, since it introduces industrialized elements, such as modules and prefabricated elements, in the construction process. This results in dividing the work into two phases, one that is located in the factory, with controlled environme nts, and another where the main task is the assembly and start up of industrialized elements in the field. In any of the two phases, a trained work force is required since this methodology does not allow room for improvisation or the application of artisan solutions in the work. This study seeks to detect the technical training of the workers and what perception they have of the idea of training or integrating into new construction methodologies. The work plan used in this study was to survey the workforce in the field, apply a survey to construction professionals and interview unions and industrialized companies, in addition to additional instances that arose in the development of this research. The results obtained show that the workforce has little technical training but shows a willingness to train and integrate into new construction methodologies. Faced with this situation, two measures are proposed to improve productivity, which would be a training course in industrialized construction and its implications in the field, and a program to professionalize trades, in order to have a certified workforce. The conclusion of this study is that there is a great opportunity to improve the productivity indices of the industry, this through massive training of the work force, and dividing it in such a way that a part migrates to the factory and the other remains in the field, either in the assembly of industrialized elements or in tasks that are beyond the scope of industrialization, such as laying out walls and digging trenches.
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Keywords
Construcción industrializada , Fuerza laboral , Productividad , Capacitación
