Thesis Gestión de la cadena de valor en servicios de alimentación colectiva orientada a la reducción de mermas por contingencia
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Date
2025
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería de Ejecución en Gestión de la Calidad
Departament
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Sede Concepción
Abstract
El proyecto se centra en el efecto de las mermas en un servicio de alimentación colectiva durante contingencias, como interrupciones inusuales en las redes de energía. Estas interrupciones influyen negativamente en la cadena de frío, los procesos de cocción y la higiene operativa, planteando riesgos para la salud y pérdidas económicas para la organización. El proyecto se gestionó bajo un enfoque PDCA (PHVA), utilizando herramientas de ingeniería como el Diagrama de Ishikawa y Pareto para identificar las causas críticas de mermas, evaluando el impacto desde septiembre de 2024 hasta septiembre de 2025, con el fin de asegurar la continuidad del servicio. Se evidencia el aumento de mermas a raíz de las interrupciones totales o parciales registradas en las estadísticas de servicios básicos. El estudio abarca el análisis de datos históricos y proyecciones basadas en el comportamiento del IPC de alimentos y los indicadores de falla del sector eléctrico (SAIDI), permitiendo establecer una base sólida para la propuesta de mejora técnica y operativa. Diseñar una propuesta de gestión para reducir las mermas críticas en un servicio de alimentación colectiva, buscando mitigar pérdidas económicas que actualmente ascienden a un promedio de $2.500.000 mensuales, mediante la optimización de procesos y protocolos preventivos. Se aplicó un diagnóstico mediante Análisis de Brechas (Gap Análisis), identificación de flujos con SIPOC, análisis de causa raíz con Ishikawa y priorización de productos mediante Pareto, donde el 80 % de la pérdida se concentró en proteínas y lácteos. Finalmente, se utilizó el ciclo PHVA para el diseño de la propuesta técnica y el resguardo de materias primas. La aplicación de estas herramientas permitió establecer un plan de contingencia cuantificable que proyecta una reducción del 25 % en el volumen de mermas. Además, se estandarizó la respuesta operativa ante cortes de energía, asegurando la trazabilidad térmica y reduciendo el riesgo de pérdida total de inventario crítico valorizado en el análisis económico. Se concluye que la integración de la Gestión de Calidad en la Cadena de Valor es fundamental para la sostenibilidad financiera. La investigación permitió transformar datos operativos en una estrategia preventiva, garantizando la continuidad del servicio y la inocuidad alimentaria frente a variables externas incontrolables, fortaleciendo así la competitividad de la empresa.
The project focuses on the impact of food waste on a collective food service during contingencies such as unusual power outages. These outages negatively affect the cold chain, cooking processes, and operational hygiene, posing health risks and causing economic losses for the organization. The project was managed using a PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, employing engineering tools such as the Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams to identify the critical causes of food waste. The impact was evaluated from September 2024 to September 2025 to ensure service continuity. The study reveals an increase in food waste following total or partial outages, as recorded in basic service statistics. The study includes the analysis of historical data and projections based on the behavior of the Food Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the System for the Analysis of Industrial Frequency Incidence (SAIDI), establishing a solid foundation for the proposed technical and operational improvements. This project aimed to design a management proposal to reduce critical losses in a collective food service, seeking to mitigate economic losses that currently average $2,500,000 per month through process optimization and preventative protocols. A diagnostic was applied using Gap Analysis, flow identification with SIPOC, root cause analysis with Ishikawa diagrams, and product prioritization using Pareto charts (where 80% of the loss was concentrated in proteins and dairy products). Finally, the PDCA cycle was used for the design of the technical proposal and the safeguarding of raw materials. The application of these tools allowed for the establishment of a quantifiable contingency plan that projects a 25% reduction in the volume of losses. Furthermore, the operational response to power outages was standardized, ensuring thermal traceability and reducing the risk of total loss of critical inventory valued in the economic analysis. It is concluded that the integration of Quality Management into the Value Chain is fundamental for financial sustainability. The research enabled the transformation of operational data into a preventative strategy, ensuring service continuity and food safety in the face of uncontrollable external variables, thus strengthening the company's competitiveness.
The project focuses on the impact of food waste on a collective food service during contingencies such as unusual power outages. These outages negatively affect the cold chain, cooking processes, and operational hygiene, posing health risks and causing economic losses for the organization. The project was managed using a PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, employing engineering tools such as the Ishikawa and Pareto diagrams to identify the critical causes of food waste. The impact was evaluated from September 2024 to September 2025 to ensure service continuity. The study reveals an increase in food waste following total or partial outages, as recorded in basic service statistics. The study includes the analysis of historical data and projections based on the behavior of the Food Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the System for the Analysis of Industrial Frequency Incidence (SAIDI), establishing a solid foundation for the proposed technical and operational improvements. This project aimed to design a management proposal to reduce critical losses in a collective food service, seeking to mitigate economic losses that currently average $2,500,000 per month through process optimization and preventative protocols. A diagnostic was applied using Gap Analysis, flow identification with SIPOC, root cause analysis with Ishikawa diagrams, and product prioritization using Pareto charts (where 80% of the loss was concentrated in proteins and dairy products). Finally, the PDCA cycle was used for the design of the technical proposal and the safeguarding of raw materials. The application of these tools allowed for the establishment of a quantifiable contingency plan that projects a 25% reduction in the volume of losses. Furthermore, the operational response to power outages was standardized, ensuring thermal traceability and reducing the risk of total loss of critical inventory valued in the economic analysis. It is concluded that the integration of Quality Management into the Value Chain is fundamental for financial sustainability. The research enabled the transformation of operational data into a preventative strategy, ensuring service continuity and food safety in the face of uncontrollable external variables, thus strengthening the company's competitiveness.
Description
Keywords
Alimentación Colectiva, Gestión de la Calidad, Cadena de Valor, Reducción de Mermas, Ciclo PHVA, Eficiencia Operativa, Mitigación de Pérdidas, Institutional Food Service, Quality Management, Value Chain, Waste Reduction, PDCA Cycle, Operational Efficiency, Loss Mitigation
