Thesis EVALUACION DE ESCENARIOS DE MODELACION DE OFERTA Y DEMANDA HIDRICA CON EL USO DEL MODELO WEAP APLICADO AL CASO DE ESTUDIO DEL PROYECTO DE RIEGO EMBALSE ZAPALLAR, REGION DE ÑUBLE
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Date
2019
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA CIVIL
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El desarrollo del futuro embalse Zapallar, en el marco del proyecto de evaluación agroeconómica llevado a cabo por la consultora RyQ para la Dirección de Obras Hidráulicas durante el año 2015, determinó la seguridad de riego para la zona del valle del rio Diguillín. Para tal objetivo, se desarrollaron 2 modelos con la herramienta computacional WEAP, utilizada ampliamente para la gestión de recursos hídricos, uno para la situación actual del valle y otro para la situación futura con proyecto de embalse. El modelo desarrollado en WEAP se calibró y validó satisfactoriamente según los criterios utilizados. Con estos modelos se evaluó la seguridad de riego del valle, observándose una situación deficiente para la situación actual y lográndose una seguridad de riego sobre el 85% con el proyecto de embalse, como se espera para proyectos de esta índole. Sin embargo, dentro del trabajo de la consultoría, no se incorporó el efecto que tendrá el cambio climático sobre estos resultados, lo que trae una incertidumbre adicional a los resultados obtenidos del trabajo desarrollado.
Para analizar el efecto del cambio climático, se determinó la tendencia climática que tendrá el valle a partir del estudio de referencia denominado “Elaboración de una base digital del clima comunal de Chile: línea base (1980-2010) y proyección al año 2050” (2016) liderado por el Ing. agrónomo Santibáñez, donde se realizó un escalamiento de las variables meteorológicas para el periodo 2020-2050 a nivel nacional a partir de modelos de circulación general de la atmosfera (CGM) realizados para Sudamérica para la trayectoria de concentración de gases de efecto invernadero RCP 8.5, considerado como el escenario más alto de aumento en el forzamiento radiativo y al parecer, uno de los más probables.
Para ello, se incorpora un análisis de sensibilidad en el modelo de situación futura con embalse, mediante la utilización de una serie de factores que inciden en las variables que afectan el cambio climático, de tal forma de representar la tendencia obtenida que genera el cambio climático para el escenario RCP 8.5, específicamente en las variables evapotranspiración del valle (por efecto del aumento de la temperatura) y en la precipitación definida para el estudio (disminución de la precipitación de cada banda de precipitación definida en la cuenca).
Así, con los resultados obtenidos de las modelaciones, se observa una disminución apreciable para la seguridad de riego del valle en el periodo de estudio, pasando de un 90% a un 68% de seguridad de riego para un volumen de 80 [Hm3] en el escenario RCP 8.5 de cambio climático (22% de disminución). Del análisis de sensibilidad se observa que la seguridad de riego disminuiría desde un 6% para un escenario optimista, hasta un 32% en un escenario peor que la tendencia RCP 8.5. Para el resto de los volúmenes de embalse se observa una tendencia similar, con una disminución promedio de un 21% para el escenario RCP 8.5.
Los resultados indican que el análisis de cambio climático se debe incorporar dentro de los estudios de infraestructura de riego, logrando así, tener mayores criterios de decisión sobre la infraestructura a desarrollar.
The development of the future Zapallar dam, within the framework of the agroeconomic evaluation project carried out by the RyQ consultant for the Hydraulic Works Directorate during 2015, determined the irrigation safety for the area of the Diguillín river valley. For this purpose, 2 models were developed with the WEAP computational tool, widely used for the management of water resources, one for the current situation of the valley and the other for the future situation with a reservoir project. The model developed in WEAP was calibrated and successfully validated according to the criteria used. With these models the irrigation safety of the valley is evaluated for both situations, observing a deficient situation for the current situation and achieving an irrigation security of 85% with reservoir, as expected for projects of this nature. However, within the work of the consultancy, the effect that climate change will have on these results was not incorporated, which brings additional uncertainty to the results obtained from the work developed. To analyze the effect of climate change, the climatic trend of the valley was determined based on the reference study entitled "Development of a digital base for the communal climate of Chile: baseline (1980-2010) and projection to the year 2050" ( 2016) led by agronomist Santibáñez, where an escalation of the meteorological variables for the period 2020-2050 at the national level was made from models of general circulation of the atmosphere (CGM) made for South America for the path of concentration of greenhouse gases RCP 8.5, considered the highest scenario of increase in radiative forcing and apparently one of the most likely. For this, a sensitivity analysis is incorporated in the future situation model with reservoir, by using a series of factors that affect the variables affected by climate change, in order to represent the trend obtained by climate change, specifically in the evapotranspiration variable of the valley (due to the increase in temperature) and in the precipitation defined for the study (decrease in the precipitation of each band of precipitation defined in the valley). Thus, with the results obtained from the modeling, an appreciable decrease is observed for the irrigation safety of the valley in the study period, going from 90% to 68% irrigation safety for a volume of 80 Hm3 in the RCP scenario 8.5 climate change (22% decrease). From the sensitivity analysis it is observed that irrigation security would decrease from 6% for an optimistic scenario, up to 32% in a scenario worse than the RCP 8.5 trend. For the rest of the reservoir volumes, a similar trend is observed, with an average decrease of 21% for the RCP 8.5 scenario. The results indicate that the climate change analysis should be incorporated into the irrigation infrastructure studies, thus achieving greater decision criteria on the infrastructure to be developed.
The development of the future Zapallar dam, within the framework of the agroeconomic evaluation project carried out by the RyQ consultant for the Hydraulic Works Directorate during 2015, determined the irrigation safety for the area of the Diguillín river valley. For this purpose, 2 models were developed with the WEAP computational tool, widely used for the management of water resources, one for the current situation of the valley and the other for the future situation with a reservoir project. The model developed in WEAP was calibrated and successfully validated according to the criteria used. With these models the irrigation safety of the valley is evaluated for both situations, observing a deficient situation for the current situation and achieving an irrigation security of 85% with reservoir, as expected for projects of this nature. However, within the work of the consultancy, the effect that climate change will have on these results was not incorporated, which brings additional uncertainty to the results obtained from the work developed. To analyze the effect of climate change, the climatic trend of the valley was determined based on the reference study entitled "Development of a digital base for the communal climate of Chile: baseline (1980-2010) and projection to the year 2050" ( 2016) led by agronomist Santibáñez, where an escalation of the meteorological variables for the period 2020-2050 at the national level was made from models of general circulation of the atmosphere (CGM) made for South America for the path of concentration of greenhouse gases RCP 8.5, considered the highest scenario of increase in radiative forcing and apparently one of the most likely. For this, a sensitivity analysis is incorporated in the future situation model with reservoir, by using a series of factors that affect the variables affected by climate change, in order to represent the trend obtained by climate change, specifically in the evapotranspiration variable of the valley (due to the increase in temperature) and in the precipitation defined for the study (decrease in the precipitation of each band of precipitation defined in the valley). Thus, with the results obtained from the modeling, an appreciable decrease is observed for the irrigation safety of the valley in the study period, going from 90% to 68% irrigation safety for a volume of 80 Hm3 in the RCP scenario 8.5 climate change (22% decrease). From the sensitivity analysis it is observed that irrigation security would decrease from 6% for an optimistic scenario, up to 32% in a scenario worse than the RCP 8.5 trend. For the rest of the reservoir volumes, a similar trend is observed, with an average decrease of 21% for the RCP 8.5 scenario. The results indicate that the climate change analysis should be incorporated into the irrigation infrastructure studies, thus achieving greater decision criteria on the infrastructure to be developed.
Description
Keywords
MODELACION HIDROLOGICA, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, SEGURIDAD DE RIEGO, ESCENARIOS DE MODELACION, ANALISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD