Thesis ESTUDIO DE PREFACTIBILIDAD TÉCNICOECONÓMICA DE UN TALLER DE SERVICIO AUTOMOTRIZ EN DESABOLLADO Y PINTURA
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Date
2018
Journal Title
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Campus
Abstract
Un taller de Desabollado y Pintura es una instalación en donde se reparanvehículos motorizados livianos como automóviles, camionetas, van, entre otros, ovehículos de mayor envergadura como buses y camiones, siempre y cuando hayan sufridodaños mecánicos estructurales o cosméticos de diversa consideración como producto dela colisión con otro vehículo, alguna estructura fija o en algunos casos deterioros.Santiago posee una gran cantidad de vehículos en circulación que crececontinuamente y que trae consigo gran cantidad de siniestros, es por esto que surge la ideade evaluar la implementación de un taller que permita atender la creciente demanda dereparaciones enfocado principalmente en la calidad del servicio, ya que empíricamente sededuce que existe un alto porcentaje de demanda insatisfecha, la cuál sería unaoportunidad para captar clientes logrando la confianza de éstos. Para eso se realiza unestudio de prefactibilidad técnico-económico considerando además aspectos legales,ambientales y sociales, que permitirán determinar con cierto porcentaje de certeza laviabilidad de la idea del proyecto.En el Capítulo 1, Diagnóstico, se analizan los antecedentes generales delproyecto como también antecedentes cualitativos, su impacto y de qué forma este proyectova a beneficiar a la región y la comunidad.En el Capítulo 2, etapa de Metodología, se conoce como es la situación actual sinproyecto y la situación futura con proyecto y se define la utilización de indicadoreseconómicos como VAN, TIR y PRI para analizar en los capítulos siguientes los resultadosobtenidos del estudio de la propuesta. Se estima que el mercado de talleres de D&P esconsiderado uno de los más rentables ya que los márgenes de ganancias en las compañíasde seguros se han duplicado al igual que las pólizas vigentes en los últimos 15 años.También, según los datos estadísticos, el parque automotriz ha aumentado 5 veces en lasúltimas 2 décadas.En el Capítulo 3, prefactibilidad de mercado, se analiza el comportamiento delmercado antes y después de la implementación del proyecto, considerando la oferta y lademanda, para esto se utilizan variables como el parque vehicular, crecimiento y cantidadde siniestros. También se analiza sus características internas y externas mediante unFODA, en cuál se detectan las fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas que setendrán en el proyecto. Finalmente, se analiza cuál es la mejor ubicación del taller,recomendando como mejor alternativa la de arrendar un galpón que cumple lascondiciones necesarias para el proyecto y que se encuentra ubicado en la comuna deRecoleta.En el Capítulo 4, análisis técnico-económico, se realiza una descripción de losaspectos necesarios para llevar a cabo las actividades operativas del taller, como ladistribución de sus instalaciones, los equipos, el personal que involucra tanto el áreatécnica como el área administrativa y su capacidad máxima. En base al análisis dedemanda y las limitaciones técnicas se define un taller con capacidad para atender 60unidades mensuales. En términos de costos, la inversión en instalaciones y equiposasciende a 2.534 UF y se espera que las ventas se incrementen en un 200% al final deltercer periodo alcanzando una venta de 15.131 UF al año 3 y llegando a las 18.234 UF aldécimo año. Respecto de los costos totales anuales, se estima que fluctúen entre las 7.654UF a las 13.348 UF durante el periodo de vida del proyecto.En el Capítulo 5, prefactibilidad legal, se realiza la descripción de los aspectoslegales necesarios para la implementación del taller, como obtención de patente municipala través de la aprobación de la SEREMI de Salud, código sanitario, leyes, decretos y todolo referente con la normativa tributaria y laboral.En el Capítulo 6, prefactibilidad ambiental, se hace referencia a que todoproyecto debe estar regido según la Ley 19.300 (Ley medioambiental), en la cual el artículo 11 apunta a dos aspectos fundamentales que son: Riesgo para la salud de lapoblación, debido a la cantidad y calidad de efluentes, emisiones o residuos y efectosadversos significativos sobre la cantidad y calidad de los recursos naturales renovables,incluidos el suelo, agua y aire, por lo que se debe hacer una evaluación de impactoambiental para así, a través de planes, lograr eliminar o minimizar los efectos adversos.También se considera un plan de contingencia en caso de surgir un evento decontaminación considerable en el proyecto.En el Capítulo 7, prefactibilidad social, se analiza las externalidades socialestanto positivas como negativas. Desde el análisis de los factores se desprende que laexternalidad social negativa que más afecta al entorno es el ruido propio de la operacióndel taller, mientras que el impacto positivo esperado es principalmente el impulso alempleo en la comunidad.En el Capítulo 8, evaluación económica del proyecto, se realiza la recopilaciónde todos los costos, gastos e ingresos de la evaluación técnico-económica, y en la cualmediante criterios en base a los indicadores económicos detallados en el Capítulo 2 sepuede determinar si el proyecto resulta ser factible o no. Según los resultados obtenidos:VAN de 1.015 [UF], TIR de 25,0 [%] y PRI de 4,1 [Años], se concluye que el proyectoes factible como proyecto puro sin financiamiento. En este capítulo se analiza además lasensibilidad, para la cual no se hace conveniente implementar el proyecto al disminuir losingresos en más de un -15%.
A body and Painting workshop is a facility where are repair motor vehicles likecars, pick ups, or others larges vehicles as bus and trucks, as long as they have sufferedstructural or cosmetic mechanical damages of diverse consideration as a result of thecollision with another vehicle, some fixed structure or in some cases deterioration.Santiago has a large number of vehicles in circulation that is constantly growingand brings with it a great number of accidents, which is why the idea arises of evaluatingthe implementation of a workshop to meet the growing demand for repairs focused mainlyon the quality of the service, since it is empirically inferred that there is a high percentageof unsatisfied demand, which would be an opportunity to attract clients and gain theirconfidence. For that, a study of technical-economic pre-feasibility is carried out,considering also legal, environmental and social aspects, which will allow to determinewith a certain percentage of certainty the viability of the project idea.In Chapter 1, Diagnosis, will analyze the general background of the Project as wellas qualitative background, it’s impact and how this project will benefit to the region andthe community.In Chapter 2, Methodology stage, it is known the current situation without projectand the future situation with project and defines the use of economic indicators like VAN,TIR and PRI to analyze in the following chapters the results obtained from the study ofthe proposal. It is estimated that the D&P workshop market is considered one of the mostprofitable since the profit margins in insurance companies have doubled as have thepolicies in force in the last 15 years. Also, according to statistical data, the automotivefleet has increased 5 times in the last 2 decades.In Chapter 3, market pre-feasibility, the market behavior is analyzed before andafter the project's implementation, considering the supply and demand, for which variables such as vehicle fleet, growth and quantity of claims are used. It also analyzes its internaland external characteristics through a FODA, in which are detected the strengths,opportunities, weaknesses and threats that will be had in the project. Finally, it is analyzedthe best location of the workshop, recommending as best alternative the lease of a shedthat meets the necessary conditions for the project and is located in the commune ofRecoleta.In Chapter 4, technical-economic analysis, a description of the aspects necessaryto carry out the activities of the workshop, such as the distribution of its facilities, theequipment, the human resources that involves both the technical area and theadministrative area, and maximum capacity. In terms of costs, the investment in facilitiesand equipment amounts to 2,534 UF and it is expected that sales will increase by 200% atthe end of the third period reaching a sale of 15,131 UF untill year 3 and reaching 18,234UF to the tenth year. Total annual costs are estimated to be in the range of 7,654 UF to13,348 UF over the life of the project.In Chapter 5, legal prefeasibility, a description of the legal aspects necessary forthe implementation of the workshop is carried out, such as obtaining a municipal patentthrough the approval of SEREMI de Salud, sanitary code, laws, decrees and everythingrelated to the tax and labor regulations.In Chapter 6, environmental prefeasibility, it is mentioned that every project mustbe governed by Law 19.300 (Environmental Law), in which article 11 points to twofundamental aspects that are: risk to the health of the population due to the quantity andquality of, emissions or residues and significant adverse effects on the quantity and qualityof renewable natural resources, including soil, water and air, so that an environmentalimpact assessment must be done to of plans, to eliminate or minimize adverse effects. Acontingency plan is also considered if an event of significant contamination of the projectarises.In Chapter 7, social prefeasibility, we analyze social externalities, both positiveand negative. From the analysis of the factors, it is clear that the negative social externalitythat most affects the environment is the noise typical of the operation of the workshop,while the expected positive impact is mainly the impulse to employment in thecommunity.In Chapter 8, economic evaluation of the project, compiles all the costs, expensesand income of the technical-economic evaluation, and in which, based on the economicindicators detailed in Chapter 2, it is possible to determine if the project proves to befeasible or not. According to the results obtained: VAN of 1,015 [UF], TIR of 25.0 [%] and PRI of 4.1 [Years], it is concluded that the project is feasible as a pure project without financing. This chapter also analyzes the sensitivity, for which it is not convenient toimplement the project by reducing revenues by more than -15%.
A body and Painting workshop is a facility where are repair motor vehicles likecars, pick ups, or others larges vehicles as bus and trucks, as long as they have sufferedstructural or cosmetic mechanical damages of diverse consideration as a result of thecollision with another vehicle, some fixed structure or in some cases deterioration.Santiago has a large number of vehicles in circulation that is constantly growingand brings with it a great number of accidents, which is why the idea arises of evaluatingthe implementation of a workshop to meet the growing demand for repairs focused mainlyon the quality of the service, since it is empirically inferred that there is a high percentageof unsatisfied demand, which would be an opportunity to attract clients and gain theirconfidence. For that, a study of technical-economic pre-feasibility is carried out,considering also legal, environmental and social aspects, which will allow to determinewith a certain percentage of certainty the viability of the project idea.In Chapter 1, Diagnosis, will analyze the general background of the Project as wellas qualitative background, it’s impact and how this project will benefit to the region andthe community.In Chapter 2, Methodology stage, it is known the current situation without projectand the future situation with project and defines the use of economic indicators like VAN,TIR and PRI to analyze in the following chapters the results obtained from the study ofthe proposal. It is estimated that the D&P workshop market is considered one of the mostprofitable since the profit margins in insurance companies have doubled as have thepolicies in force in the last 15 years. Also, according to statistical data, the automotivefleet has increased 5 times in the last 2 decades.In Chapter 3, market pre-feasibility, the market behavior is analyzed before andafter the project's implementation, considering the supply and demand, for which variables such as vehicle fleet, growth and quantity of claims are used. It also analyzes its internaland external characteristics through a FODA, in which are detected the strengths,opportunities, weaknesses and threats that will be had in the project. Finally, it is analyzedthe best location of the workshop, recommending as best alternative the lease of a shedthat meets the necessary conditions for the project and is located in the commune ofRecoleta.In Chapter 4, technical-economic analysis, a description of the aspects necessaryto carry out the activities of the workshop, such as the distribution of its facilities, theequipment, the human resources that involves both the technical area and theadministrative area, and maximum capacity. In terms of costs, the investment in facilitiesand equipment amounts to 2,534 UF and it is expected that sales will increase by 200% atthe end of the third period reaching a sale of 15,131 UF untill year 3 and reaching 18,234UF to the tenth year. Total annual costs are estimated to be in the range of 7,654 UF to13,348 UF over the life of the project.In Chapter 5, legal prefeasibility, a description of the legal aspects necessary forthe implementation of the workshop is carried out, such as obtaining a municipal patentthrough the approval of SEREMI de Salud, sanitary code, laws, decrees and everythingrelated to the tax and labor regulations.In Chapter 6, environmental prefeasibility, it is mentioned that every project mustbe governed by Law 19.300 (Environmental Law), in which article 11 points to twofundamental aspects that are: risk to the health of the population due to the quantity andquality of, emissions or residues and significant adverse effects on the quantity and qualityof renewable natural resources, including soil, water and air, so that an environmentalimpact assessment must be done to of plans, to eliminate or minimize adverse effects. Acontingency plan is also considered if an event of significant contamination of the projectarises.In Chapter 7, social prefeasibility, we analyze social externalities, both positiveand negative. From the analysis of the factors, it is clear that the negative social externalitythat most affects the environment is the noise typical of the operation of the workshop,while the expected positive impact is mainly the impulse to employment in thecommunity.In Chapter 8, economic evaluation of the project, compiles all the costs, expensesand income of the technical-economic evaluation, and in which, based on the economicindicators detailed in Chapter 2, it is possible to determine if the project proves to befeasible or not. According to the results obtained: VAN of 1,015 [UF], TIR of 25.0 [%] and PRI of 4.1 [Years], it is concluded that the project is feasible as a pure project without financing. This chapter also analyzes the sensitivity, for which it is not convenient toimplement the project by reducing revenues by more than -15%.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ESTUDIO DE PREFACTIBILIDAD TECNICO-ECONOMICO, SERVICIO AUTOMOTRIZ, TALLER DE DESABOLLADO Y PINTURA