Thesis Propuesta de mejora al proceso de definición de tareas de mantenimiento mediante la metodología six sigma: caso aplicado en aerolínea nacional.
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Date
2021-10
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
El presente trabajo de título se desarrolla en el contexto de operación de una Aerolínea Nacional, cuya industria durante los últimos años a reducido drásticamente el precio de venta de los tickets aéreos, por lo que, ha resultado vital para la aerolínea lograr disminuir sus costos de operación y aumentar la eficiencia de sus procesos.
Es por ello que la aerolínea a recurrido a empresas consultoras de renombre mundial especialistas en excelencia operacional. El resultado de esta asesoría ha sido la identificación de oportunidades de mejora en hacer los procesos más eficientes, en base a la comparación con Aerolíneas similares.
En base a este mismo benchmark es que se define utilizar la metodología DMAIC de Seis Sigma como modelo para identificar y capturar los ahorros. Es así como en base a esta metodología se analizan los diferentes procesos de la aerolínea desde los procesos comerciales y administrativos, cómo los técnicos orientados a las Operaciones en Aeropuertos y de Vuelo, como a su vez los de Mantenimiento.
De los proyectos de mantenimiento se analizan todas las pérdidas causadas por la indisponibilidad de los aviones, siendo el 19% de estas por causa de los procesos de mantenimiento, un 13% se explica por procesos de planificación, programación y ejecución del mantenimiento mientras que el 6% corresponde al proceso de creación de Tareas de Mantenimiento, lo cual equivale a una Oportunidad Potencial de Captura de USD 64,6 Millones.
El problema que se observa en el proceso de creación de tareas es la mala calidad de la información de éstas, en seis dimensiones Horas Hombre, Tiempo en tierra del avión (duración de la tarea), Partes, Herramientas, Tipo de trabajo y Especialidad del mantenedor. Es así como se definen dos Y para este proyecto, una Y1: que verifica la cantidad de Alertas falsas que tienen las tareas de mantenimiento, mientras que la Y2: compara la adherencia de estas definiciones en los sistemas de control de las áreas de planificación y ejecución de mantenimiento.
Al medir ambos procesos se obtiene que el desempeño del proceso actual es de un 52% para la Y1 y de tan sólo un 4% y 8% para la Y2. Lo que equivale a un proceso con un nivel de sigma de 2,83.
Al analizar las causas raíces de estos problemas se observa un hallazgo importantísimo, “quien crea una tarea de mantenimiento lo hace una sola vez, mientras que el software la replica n veces, según sea necesario en todos los aviones que sea aplicable la tarea, y la corrección de esta se hace n veces antes de ser ejecutada en cada avión”. Adicionalmente se identifican oportunidades en cuanto a la configuración de partes y herramientas, de la cantidad de personas que pueden crear en los sistemas y la optimización de los procesos de creación.
Para la evaluar las mejoras propuestas es que se realizan dos experimentos con nuevos procesos y estándares de creación (tareas, partes y herramientas) y se genera un nuevo proceso de feedback reactivo desde las áreas ejecutoras a los creadores. Lo que generó una mejora en Y1 a un 80% y en Y2 a un 38% y 44%, lo cual se traduce en un aumento a 3,26 sigmas en el proceso.
Para asegurar que las mejoras implementadas se mantengan en el tiempo es que se implementan una serie de herramientas en la Gestión de Desempeño individual, Diálogos de Desempeño, Estándares y Confirmación de Procesos, además de documentar todos los cambios y los nuevos procesos en el Bluebook del proyecto.
Con la implementación de todas las mejoras mencionadas anteriormente, se logró generar una captura directa estimada en USD 12.975.000 al año, a través de la reducción de 31.200 HH al año y por la reducción en un 20% de Indisponibilidad Técnica de los aviones.
This graduation work is developed in the context of operation of a National Airline, whose industry in recent years has drastically reduced the sale price of air tickets, for this reason it has been vital for the airline to reduce its operating costs and increase the efficiency of its processes. That is why the airline has turned to world-renowned consulting firms specializing in operational excellence. The result of this advice has been the identification of opportunities for improvement in making processes more efficient, based on the benchmark with similar airlines. Based on this same benchmark, it is defined to use the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology as a model to identify and capture savings. Thus, based on this methodology, the different processes of the airline were analyzed from commercial and administrative processes, such as technical oriented to Airport and Flight Operations, as well as Maintenance. Regarding maintenance projects, all the losses caused by the unavailability of the aircraft are analyzed, 19% of which are due to maintenance processes, 13% are explained by maintenance planning, programming and execution processes, while 6% corresponds to the process of creating Maintenance Tasks, which is equivalent to a Potential Capture Opportunity of USD 64.6 Million. The problem observed in the task creation process is the poor quality of their information, in six dimensions Man Hours, Time on the ground of the plane (duration of the task), Parts, Tools, Type of work and Skills of the technicians. This is how two Ys are defined for this project, Y1: which verifies the number of False Alerts that maintenance tasks have, while Y2: compares the adherence of these definitions in the control systems of the planning areas and maintenance execution. Measuring both processes, the current performance of the process is 52% for Y1 and only 4% and 8% for Y2. Which is equivalent to process with sigma level of 2.83. Analyzing the root causes of these problems, a very important finding is observed, “whoever creates a maintenance task does it only once, while the software replicates it n times, as necessary in all the aircraft that the task is applicable, and the correction of this is done n times before being executed in each plane”. Additionally, opportunities are identified in terms of the configuration of parts and tools, the number of people who can create in the systems and the optimization of the creation processes. To evaluate the proposed improvements, two experiments are carried out with new creation processes and standards (tasks, parts and tools) and a new process of reactive feedback is generated from the executing areas to the creators. This generated an improvement in Y1 to 80% and in Y2 to 38% and 44%, which translates into an increase to 3.26 sigmas in the process. To ensure that the implemented improvements are maintained over time, a series of tools are implemented in the Individual Performance Management, Performance Dialogues, Standards and Process Confirmation, in addition to documenting all process changes and new processes in the Bluebook of the Airline Project. With the implementation of all the improvements, it was possible to generate an estimated direct capture of USD 12,975,000 per year, through the reduction of 31,200 HH per year and by reducing the Technical Unavailability of the aircraft by 20%.
This graduation work is developed in the context of operation of a National Airline, whose industry in recent years has drastically reduced the sale price of air tickets, for this reason it has been vital for the airline to reduce its operating costs and increase the efficiency of its processes. That is why the airline has turned to world-renowned consulting firms specializing in operational excellence. The result of this advice has been the identification of opportunities for improvement in making processes more efficient, based on the benchmark with similar airlines. Based on this same benchmark, it is defined to use the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology as a model to identify and capture savings. Thus, based on this methodology, the different processes of the airline were analyzed from commercial and administrative processes, such as technical oriented to Airport and Flight Operations, as well as Maintenance. Regarding maintenance projects, all the losses caused by the unavailability of the aircraft are analyzed, 19% of which are due to maintenance processes, 13% are explained by maintenance planning, programming and execution processes, while 6% corresponds to the process of creating Maintenance Tasks, which is equivalent to a Potential Capture Opportunity of USD 64.6 Million. The problem observed in the task creation process is the poor quality of their information, in six dimensions Man Hours, Time on the ground of the plane (duration of the task), Parts, Tools, Type of work and Skills of the technicians. This is how two Ys are defined for this project, Y1: which verifies the number of False Alerts that maintenance tasks have, while Y2: compares the adherence of these definitions in the control systems of the planning areas and maintenance execution. Measuring both processes, the current performance of the process is 52% for Y1 and only 4% and 8% for Y2. Which is equivalent to process with sigma level of 2.83. Analyzing the root causes of these problems, a very important finding is observed, “whoever creates a maintenance task does it only once, while the software replicates it n times, as necessary in all the aircraft that the task is applicable, and the correction of this is done n times before being executed in each plane”. Additionally, opportunities are identified in terms of the configuration of parts and tools, the number of people who can create in the systems and the optimization of the creation processes. To evaluate the proposed improvements, two experiments are carried out with new creation processes and standards (tasks, parts and tools) and a new process of reactive feedback is generated from the executing areas to the creators. This generated an improvement in Y1 to 80% and in Y2 to 38% and 44%, which translates into an increase to 3.26 sigmas in the process. To ensure that the implemented improvements are maintained over time, a series of tools are implemented in the Individual Performance Management, Performance Dialogues, Standards and Process Confirmation, in addition to documenting all process changes and new processes in the Bluebook of the Airline Project. With the implementation of all the improvements, it was possible to generate an estimated direct capture of USD 12,975,000 per year, through the reduction of 31,200 HH per year and by reducing the Technical Unavailability of the aircraft by 20%.
Description
Keywords
Mantenimiento aeronáutico, Plan de mantenimiento, Mejora continua, Lean Six Sigma