Thesis DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE OPERACIONES DE PLATAFORMA DE AERONAVES REPLICABLE EN LOS AEROPUERTOS NACIONALES.
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Date
2011-06
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
En esta memoria de titulación se pretende dar respuesta a un problema identificado en una de las etapas cruciales dentro de la cadena de entrega del servicio de transporte aéreo; las “Operaciones de Plataforma”, estas representan un paso fundamental entre el aterrizaje y tractado de la aeronave hasta las calles de rodaje adyacentes a la pista, y el posterior traslado de vuelta a ella para iniciar un nuevo despegue. Esta etapa implica el esfuerzo combinado de variados equipos de trabajo, por lo cual, una interacción eficiente entre estos equipos es de gran importancia para la óptima realización de las operaciones. Es allí donde se ha identificado, a nivel generalizado en las estaciones nacionales, una falta de normalización de las actividades, siendo estas adecuadas para su realización de acuerdo a factores como; el operador de las aeronaves, la cantidad de personal disponible, las maquinarias y recursos físicos presentes en la estación y claro, los tipos de aeronaves. Ante esto se propuso una homogenización o estandarización de las operaciones realizadas en plataforma, lo cual debe realizarse con el menor impacto económico posible, contribuyendo con beneficios como: mayor seguridad operacional, disminución en los tiempos de ejecución, aumento de confiabilidad del servicio y una mejor imagen como empresa aeronáutica ante el cliente final o pasajero, como también frente a los trabajadores externos e internos, proveedores y el resto de operadores de aeronaves. En vista que una investigación orientada a la estandarización de las operaciones de todas las flotas que operan en el país actualmente, tendría una dimensión y requerimiento de recursos muy grande, esta se ha acotado sólo a la familiaA-320 de Airbus y siendo usados como base los procedimientos empleados por LAN S.A. en el aeropuerto de Santiago y considerando las regulaciones aeronáuticas que realiza la DGAC en los aeropuertos, en áreas como: licencias y credenciales al personal, control del mantenimiento y gestión de los procedimientos aeronáuticos, las cuales son mencionadas junto a las especificaciones de seguridad operacional, en los “Aspectos Normativos” de esta investigación. Para la realización de esta Memoria se estableció en primer lugar, la metodología usada en la investigación, la cual se definió en torno a tres ejes, el primero de ellos; el tratamiento de las variables: “Operaciones de Plataforma”, tiempos de realización de estas y recursos utilizados, el cual fue de carácter “no experimental”, debido a que sólo se usaron datos de hechos pasados, sin ser aplicados de forma empírica los análisis y las proposiciones elaboradas. De la misma forma, la recopilación de información fue de carácter “transversal”, al haber sido realizada en un sólo momento durante la investigación y no en varias instancias durante toda su extensión.
Siendo además, realizada principalmente mediante encuestas, se explotó este tipo de investigación muestral como el principal medio para recabar información, junto a la recopilación de documentos. Dentro de la información recabada y adecuada para llevar acabo el objetivo propuesto, se encuentran detalles técnicos y gráficos de los equipos y maquinarias necesarios para las actividades, así como la normativa regulatoria que las atañe y una completa descripción de los procedimientos para llevarlas a cabo, además de establecer todas las medidas para realizar esto bajo condiciones seguras de trabajo, resguardando de esta forma el recurso humano y físico del operador. Al estudiar los procedimientos aplicados por LAN en AMB, para tres de las operaciones usadas en la familia A-320; las de 30, 35 y 40 minutos de duración, se lograron identificar las rutas críticas de actividades en ellas, esto se refiere a las actividades claves, de cuyo correcto desempeño depende el realizar una operación completa en el tiempo indicado. Además se comprobó mediante análisis probabilísticos, que en la realidad, un muy bajo porcentaje de las veces las operaciones se realizan en los tiempos correspondientes; existiendo un 100% de probabilidad de término solo a los 44, 42 y 49 minutos, respectivamente. En base a estos hechos, se analizaron los procesos de las tareas críticas en cada operación, en busca de oportunidades de mejora de estas, con el objetivo de reducir los tiempos necesarios para su realización. De este análisis se destacaron tres actividades, para las cuales se realizaron propuestas de optimización:Desembarque, embarque y acomodación de pasajeros.Aseo de cabina.Descarga y carga de equipaje. Considerando las mejoras propuestas en actividades de las rutas críticas, se elaboraron “Cartas Gantt”, como métodos de seguimiento y control de las operaciones durante la implementación y uso de estas. En vista de las optimizaciones propuestas en las tareas críticas, se realizaron nuevas estimaciones de la duración de las tres operaciones analizadas, considerando esta vez la reducción de tiempo en la rutas críticas de actividades, con lo cual se registraron reducciones dehasta12.1, 9.5 y 12.25 minutos, sobre los “tiempos reales” encontrados para las operaciones de 30, 35y 40 minutos, respectivamente. En definitiva, se logró realizar una completa adecuación de los procedimientos, recursos y normas necesarias para la “Estandarización de Operaciones en Plataforma”, en el caso de la familia de aeronaves A-320. Cuya metodología también es aplicable para otras flotas, con lo que la empresa además podría lograr una mejora continua en otros procesos relacionados.
This thesis aims to give a response to an identified problem in one of the crucial stages in the supply chain of air transport service; the “Platform Operations”, they represent a critical step between the landing and towing ofthe aircraft from the taxiways adjacent to the runway, and the subsequent push-back to it, to initiate a new takeoff.This stage involves the combined effort of many workteams, thus, an efficient interaction between them has great importance for the optimal performance of the operations.This is where it has identified, widely at the national stations, a lack of standardization of activities, being these suitable for implementation according to factors such as; the aircraft operator, the amount of available personnel, machinery and physical resourcespresent at the station, and of course, the types of aircraft.Given this, has been proposed a homogenization or standardization of platform operations, which should be done with the least economic impact possible, bringing benefits such as: greater safety in the operations, reduction in run times, increased service reliability and a better imageas an aeronautical company to the final customer or passenger, as well as in front of the external and internal workers, suppliers and other aircraft operators.Given that an investigation aimed to standardizing the operations of all fleets operating in the country today, have a dimension and very large resource requirements, this has been limited only to the Airbus A-320 family, and being used as a basisthe procedures of LAN SAat the Santiago airport and consideringthe aeronauticalregulationsprovided by DGACat airportsin areas such as:licenses and credentialsof the staff,maintenancecontrol and managementof aeronautical procedures, whicharementioned in conjunction withsafetyspecifications, atthe "Regulatory Aspects" of thisinvestigation.For the realization of this investigation was established in first place, the methodology used in research, this was defined around three axes, the first one; the treatment of variables: “Platform Operations”, performing time and resources used, which was "non experimental" because it only used data from past events, without applied the analysis and propositions developed empirically.Likewise, the collection of information was "transversal", having made at one time during the investigation and not in several instances during it full extention. As well, having done primarily through Pedrerosurveys, was used this type of research as the primary way to gather information, along with the collection of documents.Among the information collected and suitable for carrying out the proposed objective, are graphics and technical details of equipment and machinery necessary for the activities, as well as its regulatory rules and a complete description of the procedures to carry out it,in addition to establishing all measures to do this under safe working conditions, thus safeguarding the human and physical resources of the operator.By studying the procedures used by LAN in AMB, for three of the critical operations used for the A-320 family; the 30, 35 and 40 minutes long, was able to identify the critical path activities in them, this refers to the key activities, from whose properperformance depends on making a complete operation in the specified time.Also found by probabilistic analysis that in fact, a very small percentage of cases, operations were performed in the corresponding times, having a 100% chance of completion, only at 44, 42 and 49 minutes respectively.Based on these facts, was analyzed the processes of critical tasks in each operation, for opportunities to improve these, with the aim of reducing the time required for its realization.This analysis highlighted three activities, for which optimization proposals were made:Disembarking, passenger boarding and accommodation.Cleanness of cab.Unloading and loading of luggage.Whereas the proposed improvements in activities of critical paths, Gantt charts were developed as methods for monitoring and control of operations during the implementation and use of these.Inviewof theproposedoptimizationsoncritical tasks,there were new estimates of the duration of the three operations studied,consideringthis timethereduction of time in thecritical pathofactivities, thus, there were reductions of up to 12.1, 9.5 and 12.25 minutes, on the "real times" found, for the operations of 30, 35 and 40 minutes, respectively.In short, it was possible to perform a complete adequacy of the procedures, resources and rules necessaries for the “Standardization of Platform Operations”, for the A-320 family aircrafts.Whose methodology is also applicable to other fleets, so the company could also achieve continuous improvement in other related processes.
This thesis aims to give a response to an identified problem in one of the crucial stages in the supply chain of air transport service; the “Platform Operations”, they represent a critical step between the landing and towing ofthe aircraft from the taxiways adjacent to the runway, and the subsequent push-back to it, to initiate a new takeoff.This stage involves the combined effort of many workteams, thus, an efficient interaction between them has great importance for the optimal performance of the operations.This is where it has identified, widely at the national stations, a lack of standardization of activities, being these suitable for implementation according to factors such as; the aircraft operator, the amount of available personnel, machinery and physical resourcespresent at the station, and of course, the types of aircraft.Given this, has been proposed a homogenization or standardization of platform operations, which should be done with the least economic impact possible, bringing benefits such as: greater safety in the operations, reduction in run times, increased service reliability and a better imageas an aeronautical company to the final customer or passenger, as well as in front of the external and internal workers, suppliers and other aircraft operators.Given that an investigation aimed to standardizing the operations of all fleets operating in the country today, have a dimension and very large resource requirements, this has been limited only to the Airbus A-320 family, and being used as a basisthe procedures of LAN SAat the Santiago airport and consideringthe aeronauticalregulationsprovided by DGACat airportsin areas such as:licenses and credentialsof the staff,maintenancecontrol and managementof aeronautical procedures, whicharementioned in conjunction withsafetyspecifications, atthe "Regulatory Aspects" of thisinvestigation.For the realization of this investigation was established in first place, the methodology used in research, this was defined around three axes, the first one; the treatment of variables: “Platform Operations”, performing time and resources used, which was "non experimental" because it only used data from past events, without applied the analysis and propositions developed empirically.Likewise, the collection of information was "transversal", having made at one time during the investigation and not in several instances during it full extention. As well, having done primarily through Pedrerosurveys, was used this type of research as the primary way to gather information, along with the collection of documents.Among the information collected and suitable for carrying out the proposed objective, are graphics and technical details of equipment and machinery necessary for the activities, as well as its regulatory rules and a complete description of the procedures to carry out it,in addition to establishing all measures to do this under safe working conditions, thus safeguarding the human and physical resources of the operator.By studying the procedures used by LAN in AMB, for three of the critical operations used for the A-320 family; the 30, 35 and 40 minutes long, was able to identify the critical path activities in them, this refers to the key activities, from whose properperformance depends on making a complete operation in the specified time.Also found by probabilistic analysis that in fact, a very small percentage of cases, operations were performed in the corresponding times, having a 100% chance of completion, only at 44, 42 and 49 minutes respectively.Based on these facts, was analyzed the processes of critical tasks in each operation, for opportunities to improve these, with the aim of reducing the time required for its realization.This analysis highlighted three activities, for which optimization proposals were made:Disembarking, passenger boarding and accommodation.Cleanness of cab.Unloading and loading of luggage.Whereas the proposed improvements in activities of critical paths, Gantt charts were developed as methods for monitoring and control of operations during the implementation and use of these.Inviewof theproposedoptimizationsoncritical tasks,there were new estimates of the duration of the three operations studied,consideringthis timethereduction of time in thecritical pathofactivities, thus, there were reductions of up to 12.1, 9.5 and 12.25 minutes, on the "real times" found, for the operations of 30, 35 and 40 minutes, respectively.In short, it was possible to perform a complete adequacy of the procedures, resources and rules necessaries for the “Standardization of Platform Operations”, for the A-320 family aircrafts.Whose methodology is also applicable to other fleets, so the company could also achieve continuous improvement in other related processes.
Description
Keywords
PLANIFICACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA, LAN AIRLINES S.A, AIRBUS A/320