Thesis METODOLOGÍA PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN Y MEDICIÓN DEL IMPACTO DE SOLUCIONES A LOS PROBLEMAS DE INNOVACIÓN DE LAS EMPRESAS, BASADO EN LA TEORÍA DE RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS DE INVENTIVA
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Date
2015-10
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INDUSTRIAS. INGENIERÍA CIVIL INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La búsqueda de excelencia es adquirir siempre una mejora continua, con la cual
desarrollar cambios positivos que posicionen a la empresa en un nivel más alto frente a sus
competidores. Actualmente, ante el continuo aumento de empresas que realizan innovación en
el país, se requiere el desarrollo de soluciones a los problemas, tanto técnicas como
administrativas, para dar paso seguro a una buena implementación y consecuente impacto de
resultados. No obstante, en la práctica, las empresas chilenas continúan utilizando métodos de
prueba y error, lo que provoca riesgos latentes y pérdida de recursos. Dada la dinámica de
cambio y la eliminación de los métodos de prueba y error, la presente memoria tiene como
objetivo crear una metodología estructurada y sistemática para la identificación y medición del
impacto de soluciones a los problemas y/o requerimientos de innovación de las empresas, con
generación y evaluación simple y rápida de éstas, mediante métodos y análisis existentes,
basados en la teoría de resolución de problemas de inventiva, a fin de comparación y posterior
elección de solución más conveniente, acorde a los criterios de los tomadores de decisión. La
finalidad es que pueda utilizarse en cualquier tipo de empresa, que se adapte al contexto,
desarrollo, hallazgo, análisis, comparación y selección de soluciones a los problemas reales de
las empresas. Esta metodología utiliza una síntesis de otros métodos y análisis para la
contextualización; búsqueda y detección de problemas y/o requerimientos de innovación;
determinación, análisis y jerarquización de causas; propuesta de soluciones; comparación y
elección de la solución más conveniente. Aquí se utiliza también la integración de dos
metodologías, ambas enfocadas a la resolución de problemas, pero distintas, RCA utilizado para
la identificación de causas / hipótesis de falla y TRIZ para proponer soluciones específicas
sustentables a los problemas, que para resolver un problema se complementan eficientemente.
Para validar la metodología, se presenta un caso de estudio aplicado al área de Reaserrío de la
Empresa Aserraderos Arauco S.A.
Esta metodología, logra distinguir las soluciones que remedian los problemas
importantes presentados por la empresa bajo sus criterios organizacionales, las que mayor
porcentaje de impacto tienen y por lo tanto, es hacia dónde deben focalizarse los recursos en
base a las relevancias de la empresa. Se adapta a cualquier escenario, considerando el impacto
que tiene cada solución propuesta en la empresa y flexibilizando la importancia que tiene cada
criterio de evaluación, haciéndola única y adaptable a cada caso. Acorde al desarrollo de esta
memoria, la metodología es poco conocida, pero si ha presentado resultados efectivos en su
aplicación, ya que entrega soluciones innovadoras que las metodologías actuales y tradicionales
no entregarán dado su proceso de resolución de problemas, el cual generalmente es sobre un
escenario muy limitado; además permite responder a la naturaleza compleja de los problemas
dentro de una empresa, donde la mayoría de los problemas se presentan en términos de
contradicciones técnicas que las empresas deben enfrentar. Otra de sus cualidades es que los
problemas son detectados y evaluados desde puntos de vista de trabajadores de todos los
niveles de la empresa, tomando los distintos aspectos influyentes en cada parte del proceso,
esto entrega una visión más cercana a la realidad, porque serán ellos los principales autores de
las mejoras dentro de la empresa, con conocimiento y experiencia de tal.
Finalmente, la metodología permite generar un estado del arte completo que ayuda a los
tomadores de decisiones a generar hojas de ruta de trabajo, permitiéndoles administrar sus
recursos (tiempo, conocimiento, mano de obra, entre otros) de una manera más eficiente.
The pursuit of excellence is always acquire continuous improvement, with which to develop positive changes that position the company at a higher level compared to its competitors. Actually, given the continued increase in companies that innovate in the country, it requires the development of solutions to problems, both technical and administrative, to give safe passage to a good implementation and consequent impact on results. However, in practice, Chilean companies continue to use trial and error methods, which causes latent risks and loss of resources. Given the dynamics of change and the elimination of trial and error methods, this work aims to create a structured and systematic methodology to the identification and measuring the impact of solutions to problems and / or innovation requirements of companies, with, simple and rapid, generation and evaluation of these, through existing methods and analysis based on theory of inventive problem solving, in order to compare and subsequent choice of the most convenient solution. The purpose is to be used in any type of company that fits the context, development, discovery, analysis, comparison and selection of solutions to real business problems. This methodology uses a synthesis of other methods and analysis to the contextualization; search and detection of problems and / or innovation requirements; identification, analysis and prioritization of causes; proposing solutions; comparison and choice of the most convenient solution. This integration is also used two methodologies, both focused on problem solving, but distinct, RCA used to identify causes / hypothesis fails and TRIZ to propose specific sustainable solutions to problems, to solve a problem that complement efficiently. To validate the methodology, presents a case study applied to the area of Reaserrío Company presents sawmills Arauco SA. This methodology achieves to distinguish solutions that remedy the major problems presented by the company under its organizational criteria, which have the highest percentage of impact and, therefore, is where resources should be targeted based on relevancies of the company. It fits any scenario, considering the company impact that each proposed solution has, and making flexible the importance of each evaluation criterion, making it unique and adaptable to each case. According to the development of this work, the methodology is little known, but if you have had effective results in their application, since it delivers innovative solutions that current and traditional methodologies do not deliver, given his problem solving process, which is usually on a very limited scenario; also it allows respond to the complex nature of the problems within a company, where most problems arise in terms of technical contradictions that companies must face. Another of his qualities is that problems are detected and evaluated from viewpoints of workers at all levels of the company, taking the various influential aspects in each part of the process, it delivers a vision closer to reality, because they will be the principal authors for improvements within the company with knowledge and experience of such. Finally, the methodology can generate a state of complete art that helps decision makers to generate work's waybills, allowing them to manage their resources (time, knowledge, labor, etc.) in a more efficient manner.
The pursuit of excellence is always acquire continuous improvement, with which to develop positive changes that position the company at a higher level compared to its competitors. Actually, given the continued increase in companies that innovate in the country, it requires the development of solutions to problems, both technical and administrative, to give safe passage to a good implementation and consequent impact on results. However, in practice, Chilean companies continue to use trial and error methods, which causes latent risks and loss of resources. Given the dynamics of change and the elimination of trial and error methods, this work aims to create a structured and systematic methodology to the identification and measuring the impact of solutions to problems and / or innovation requirements of companies, with, simple and rapid, generation and evaluation of these, through existing methods and analysis based on theory of inventive problem solving, in order to compare and subsequent choice of the most convenient solution. The purpose is to be used in any type of company that fits the context, development, discovery, analysis, comparison and selection of solutions to real business problems. This methodology uses a synthesis of other methods and analysis to the contextualization; search and detection of problems and / or innovation requirements; identification, analysis and prioritization of causes; proposing solutions; comparison and choice of the most convenient solution. This integration is also used two methodologies, both focused on problem solving, but distinct, RCA used to identify causes / hypothesis fails and TRIZ to propose specific sustainable solutions to problems, to solve a problem that complement efficiently. To validate the methodology, presents a case study applied to the area of Reaserrío Company presents sawmills Arauco SA. This methodology achieves to distinguish solutions that remedy the major problems presented by the company under its organizational criteria, which have the highest percentage of impact and, therefore, is where resources should be targeted based on relevancies of the company. It fits any scenario, considering the company impact that each proposed solution has, and making flexible the importance of each evaluation criterion, making it unique and adaptable to each case. According to the development of this work, the methodology is little known, but if you have had effective results in their application, since it delivers innovative solutions that current and traditional methodologies do not deliver, given his problem solving process, which is usually on a very limited scenario; also it allows respond to the complex nature of the problems within a company, where most problems arise in terms of technical contradictions that companies must face. Another of his qualities is that problems are detected and evaluated from viewpoints of workers at all levels of the company, taking the various influential aspects in each part of the process, it delivers a vision closer to reality, because they will be the principal authors for improvements within the company with knowledge and experience of such. Finally, the methodology can generate a state of complete art that helps decision makers to generate work's waybills, allowing them to manage their resources (time, knowledge, labor, etc.) in a more efficient manner.
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Keywords
METODOLOGÍA PARA IDENTIFICAR IMPACTO DE SOLUCIONES