Thesis Efecto del tamaño de partícula sobre la movilidad potencial de Cu, Fe y Zn en relaves sulfurados mediante extracción secuencial BCR y digestión ácida EPA 3050B
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Date
2026-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Química
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La masiva producción de relaves generada por la actividad minera en Chile representa un desafío crítico en términos de gestión de desechos y estabilidad geoquímica, particularmente respecto de la retención o movilidad de los elementos presentes en el residuo minero. Tradicionalmente, el control ambiental de estos depósitos se ha basado en la determinación de la concentración de metales, omitiendo el potencial de liberación de los elementos ante variaciones fisicoquímicas del entorno. En este contexto, el método de extracción secuencial BCR (Bureau Communautaire de Référence) surge como una herramienta para evaluar la movilidad potencial de metales pesados a través de fracciones operacionales. En esta investigación se evalúa la movilidad de Cu, Fe y Zn en tres muestras originales de relave con tamaños característicos P80 de 147 μm, 214 μm y 298 μm, las cuales fueron sometidas a tamizado en húmedo para obtener la fracción menor a 75 μm. El propósito es evaluar cómo la eliminación de las fracciones gruesas mediante segregación física influye en la distribución y movilidad de Cu, Fe y Zn, así como identificar posibles oportunidades para la recuperación económica de cobre. Adicionalmente, el método de extracción secuencial BCR se complementa con una digestión ácida fuerte según el protocolo EPA 3050B, con el fin de determinar las concentraciones totales de los elementos y evaluar la recuperación y consistencia analítica de los resultados obtenidos. Los resultados para el Cu evidencian que el tamizado favorece una redistribución de la masa del metal entre las fracciones operacionales, observándose una disminución aproximada del 50 % de la masa asociada inicialmente a la fracción oxidable y un incremento relativo en la fracción ácido soluble de la fracción fina obtenida. En el caso del Fe, las muestras originales presentan(...).
The massive production of tailings generated by mining activity in Chile represents a critical challenge in terms of waste management and geochemical stability, retention, or mobility in the mining residue. Traditionally, the environmental control of these deposits has been based on determining the concentration of these metals, omitting the potential release of the elements due to physicochemical variations in the environment. In this context, the BCR (Bureau Communautaire de Référence) sequential extraction method emerges as a tool to assess the potential mobility of heavy metals thru operational fractions. In this research, the mobility of the metals Cu, Fe, and Zn is evaluated in three original tailing samples with characteristic P80 sizes of 147 μm, 214 μm, and 298 μm, which have been subjected to wet sieving to obtain the fraction smaller than 75 μm. The purpose is to evaluate how the removal of coarse fractions thru physical segregation influences the distribution and mobility of Cu, Fe, and Zn, as well as to identify potential opportunities for the economic recovery of copper. Additionally, the BCR sequential extraction method is complemented by a strong acid digestion according to the EPA 3050B protocol, in order to determine the total concentrations of the elements and evaluate the recovery and analytical consistency of the obtained results. The results obtained for Cu show that sieving promotes a redistribution of the metal mass among the operational fractions, with an approximate 50% decrease in the mass initially associated with the oxidizable fraction and a relative increase in the acid-soluble fraction of the fine fraction obtained. In the case of Fe, the original samples show(...).
The massive production of tailings generated by mining activity in Chile represents a critical challenge in terms of waste management and geochemical stability, retention, or mobility in the mining residue. Traditionally, the environmental control of these deposits has been based on determining the concentration of these metals, omitting the potential release of the elements due to physicochemical variations in the environment. In this context, the BCR (Bureau Communautaire de Référence) sequential extraction method emerges as a tool to assess the potential mobility of heavy metals thru operational fractions. In this research, the mobility of the metals Cu, Fe, and Zn is evaluated in three original tailing samples with characteristic P80 sizes of 147 μm, 214 μm, and 298 μm, which have been subjected to wet sieving to obtain the fraction smaller than 75 μm. The purpose is to evaluate how the removal of coarse fractions thru physical segregation influences the distribution and mobility of Cu, Fe, and Zn, as well as to identify potential opportunities for the economic recovery of copper. Additionally, the BCR sequential extraction method is complemented by a strong acid digestion according to the EPA 3050B protocol, in order to determine the total concentrations of the elements and evaluate the recovery and analytical consistency of the obtained results. The results obtained for Cu show that sieving promotes a redistribution of the metal mass among the operational fractions, with an approximate 50% decrease in the mass initially associated with the oxidizable fraction and a relative increase in the acid-soluble fraction of the fine fraction obtained. In the case of Fe, the original samples show(...).
Description
Keywords
Movilidad potencial, Segregación física, Valorización, Tamizado en húmedo, Recuperación de metales
