Thesis BATERÍA DE HIDRÓGENO PARA CENTRALES ELÉCTRICAS EN BASE A ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES NO CONVENCIONALES
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Date
2022-08
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA Y AMBIENTAL. INGENIERÍA CIVIL QUÍMICA
Campus
Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como propósito el análisis de factibilidad de la gestión energética de una generadora eléctrica ERNC utilizando hidrógeno verde, el cual se produce, almacena y reconvierte en energía eléctrica, gracias a un sistema compuesto de un electrolizador, un tanque de almacenamiento de hidrógeno y una celda de combustible. Dichos equipos en su conjunto, conforman una batería de hidrógeno y permiten la inyección estable de electricidad a la red en periodos de intermitencia. Para el diseño de la planta, se considera la eólica como fuente de energía eléctrica a utilizar, y se localiza la planta en la Región de Magallanes, por los vientos que registra y la cercanía con el mar, para la obtención de agua por desalinización. El sistema de baterías de hidrógeno se compone de electrolizadores de membrana de intercambio protónico de 3,75 MW, el cual utiliza la energía eléctrica entregada por tres aerogeneradores de 10,8 MW de potencia total para descomponer agua que se dispone de un tanque de almacenamiento, produciendo hidrógeno verde. Dicho gas se comprime a 700 bar, para ser almacenado en un tanque tipo II de acero inoxidable, del cual, posteriormente, se extrae y se alimenta el hidrógeno a una celda de combustible de óxido sólido que opera a 800°C, produciendo energía eléctrica de vuelta. En forma análoga, para la misma planta, con fines comparativos se reemplazan los componentes de la batería de hidrógeno por baterías de ion litio como método de almacenamiento de energía tradicional. De lo anterior, los costos de capital para el sistema baterías de hidrógeno son del orden de los 190 MUSD$ y de los 235 MUSD$ para el de baterías de ion litio, mientras que los costos de operación para el primero son del orden de los 9.5 MUSD$ anuales.
The air of this work is to analyze the feasibility of the energy management of an NCRE plant using green hydrogen, which is produced, stored, and reconverted into electric energy, thanks to a system composed of an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell. Those equipments put together conform a hydrogen battery system and allows a stable injection of electricity to the grid during intermittency in the generation. For the design of the plant, wind power is considered as the energy source to be used. The plant is located in Magallanes Region, because that region registers stable and high winds and its proximity to the sea, to obtain water by desalination. The hydrogen battery system consists of a 3.75 MW proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, which uses the electrical energy delivered by three 10.8 MW wind turbines to decompose water from a storage tank, producing green hydrogen. This gas is compressed to 700 bar, to be stored in a type II stainless steel tank, from which the hydrogen is then extracted and fed to a solid oxide fuel cell that operates at 800°C, producing electrical energy. Similarly, for the same plant, for comparison, the hydrogen battery components are replaced with lithium ion batteries as a traditional energy storage method. From the last, the capital costs for the hydrogen battery system are of the order of $190 million and $235 million for the lithium ion battery system, while the operating costs for the former are in the order of $9.5 million per year.
The air of this work is to analyze the feasibility of the energy management of an NCRE plant using green hydrogen, which is produced, stored, and reconverted into electric energy, thanks to a system composed of an electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank and a fuel cell. Those equipments put together conform a hydrogen battery system and allows a stable injection of electricity to the grid during intermittency in the generation. For the design of the plant, wind power is considered as the energy source to be used. The plant is located in Magallanes Region, because that region registers stable and high winds and its proximity to the sea, to obtain water by desalination. The hydrogen battery system consists of a 3.75 MW proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, which uses the electrical energy delivered by three 10.8 MW wind turbines to decompose water from a storage tank, producing green hydrogen. This gas is compressed to 700 bar, to be stored in a type II stainless steel tank, from which the hydrogen is then extracted and fed to a solid oxide fuel cell that operates at 800°C, producing electrical energy. Similarly, for the same plant, for comparison, the hydrogen battery components are replaced with lithium ion batteries as a traditional energy storage method. From the last, the capital costs for the hydrogen battery system are of the order of $190 million and $235 million for the lithium ion battery system, while the operating costs for the former are in the order of $9.5 million per year.
Description
Keywords
ENERGIAS RENOVABLES, CENTRALES ELECTRICAS, CELDAS DE COMBUSTIBLES