Thesis CONTAMINANTES CLIMÁTICOS DE VIDA CORTA Y NORMATIVA AMBIENTAL: EFECTO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE COMBUSTIÓN SOBRE LOS FACTORES DE EMISIÓN
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Los Contaminantes Climáticos de Vida Corta (CCVC) tienen una vida relativamente reducida en nuestra atmósfera, desde semanas a décadas. En este grupo de contaminantes está el Carbono Negro (fracción de Material Particulado fino), Metano (CH4), Ozono Troposférico y los HFC, los cuales tienen un rol significativo en el calentamiento global, como también en la salud pública.Este trabajo tendrá por objeto principal estimar las emisiones de Carbono Negro generadas en la zona de Temuco y Padre Las Casas y secundariamente analizar el estado del arte en la mitigación de CCVC, proponer normativa y estudiar tecnologías que reduzca la generación de estos contaminantes.A modo de metodología, se usará de línea base los datos de MP2,5 del Registro de Emisiones y Transferencia de Contaminantes (RETC), para así utilizar factores de emisión correspondiente para obtener la estimación de CN.Particularmente, Puerto Montt (5855,77 [ton/año]), Osorno (5429,23 [ton/año]), Valdivia (4456,39 [ton/año]) y Temuco-Padre Las Casas (5115,85 [ton/año]) son ciudades que generan una gran cantidad de emisiones. En la misma línea, con los datos de MP se calculó las emisiones de Carbono Negro, teniendo como resultado que las emisiones de Temuco-PLC de 511 [ton/año] son más de 10 veces más altas que ciudades similares como Helsinki. A nivel nacional, las emisiones de Carbono Negro son de 9455,58 [ton/año], siendo mayores a las emisiones de la Unión Europea, pero menores a las de USA y México. Haciendo la comparación de emisiones per cápita, Chile tiene una tasa de emisiones de 525,28 [ton/año], a diferencia de Estados Unidos con 343,75 [ton/año] en este paralelo.Chile tiene emisiones significativamente altas a nivel per cápita, más altas que Estados Unidos. En esta línea, se puede impulsar el uso de nuevas tecnologías que reduzcan la generación de contaminantes, especialmente los CCVC. También, esto en conjunto a una nueva normativa que regule el material particulado en Chile.
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) have a relatively short life in our atmosphere, from weeks to decades. In this group of pollutants are Black Carbon (fine particulate fraction), Methane (CH4), Tropospheric Ozone and HFCs, which play a significant role in global warming as well as in public health. The main objective of this work will be estimate the Black Carbon emissions generated in Temuco and Padre Las Casas area and secondarily to analyze the state of art in mitigation of SCLP, proposing regulations and study technologies that could reduce the generation of these pollutants. As a methodology, MP2.5 data from the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) will be used from the baseline, in order to use corresponding emission factors to obtain the CN estimate. In particular, Puerto Montt (5855.77 [ton / year]), Osorno (5429.23 [ton / year]), Valdivia (4456.39 [ton / year]) and Temuco-Padre Las Casas (5115.85 / year]) are cities that generate a large amount of emissions. In the same line, PM data were calculated for Black Carbon emissions, with the result that Temuco-PLC emissions of 511 [ton / year] are more than 10 times higher than similar cities as Helsinki. At the national level, Black Carbon emissions are 9455.58 [ton / year], being higher than the emissions of the European Union, but smaller than those from USA and Mexico. By comparing emissions per capita, Chile has an emissions rate of 525.28 [ton / year], unlike the United States with 343.75 [ton / year] in this parallel. Chile has significantly higher emissions per capita, higher than the United States. In this line, the use of new technologies that reduce the generation of pollutants, especially CCVC, can be promoted. Also, this in conjunction with a new regulation that regulates the particulate material in Chile.
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCP) have a relatively short life in our atmosphere, from weeks to decades. In this group of pollutants are Black Carbon (fine particulate fraction), Methane (CH4), Tropospheric Ozone and HFCs, which play a significant role in global warming as well as in public health. The main objective of this work will be estimate the Black Carbon emissions generated in Temuco and Padre Las Casas area and secondarily to analyze the state of art in mitigation of SCLP, proposing regulations and study technologies that could reduce the generation of these pollutants. As a methodology, MP2.5 data from the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) will be used from the baseline, in order to use corresponding emission factors to obtain the CN estimate. In particular, Puerto Montt (5855.77 [ton / year]), Osorno (5429.23 [ton / year]), Valdivia (4456.39 [ton / year]) and Temuco-Padre Las Casas (5115.85 / year]) are cities that generate a large amount of emissions. In the same line, PM data were calculated for Black Carbon emissions, with the result that Temuco-PLC emissions of 511 [ton / year] are more than 10 times higher than similar cities as Helsinki. At the national level, Black Carbon emissions are 9455.58 [ton / year], being higher than the emissions of the European Union, but smaller than those from USA and Mexico. By comparing emissions per capita, Chile has an emissions rate of 525.28 [ton / year], unlike the United States with 343.75 [ton / year] in this parallel. Chile has significantly higher emissions per capita, higher than the United States. In this line, the use of new technologies that reduce the generation of pollutants, especially CCVC, can be promoted. Also, this in conjunction with a new regulation that regulates the particulate material in Chile.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CARBONO NEGRO, CONTAMINANTES CLIMATICOS DE VIDA CORTA, METANO, OZONO TROPOSFERICO