Thesis GENERACIÓN DE CÓDIGO PARA UN ROBOT INDUSTRIAL A PARTIR DE DIAGRAMAS CAD 3D
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo de título tiene como objetivo reducir el tiempo de desarrollo de aplicaciones y aumentar el periodo de uso de un robot, a través de la utilización de un software de diseño y simulación asistido por computadora (CAD), desde el cual el usuario es capaz de programar gráficamente las ordenes que debe cumplir el robot. Aplicado a un problema de soldadura, el robot debe seguir los puntos programados con el fin de simular la soldadura de una pieza a una determinada superficie.Para compensar las diferencias entre el diseño ideal y la implementación real, el proyecto incorpora un sistema de inspección visual, utilizando un software de procesamiento de imágenes y señales, el cual permite actualizar el programa de soldadura con el fin de corregir la trayectoria previa. El programa de soldadura se genera a partir de la ubicación de la pieza a soldar en un plano virtual, el que se encuentra parametrizado según las coordenadas espaciales reales del área de trabajo del robot, que se obtienen con el sistema de inspección visual.La integración de los diferentes módulos es uno de los problemas más interesantes a tratar en esta memoria, dado que el robot por sí solo, carece de las dos capacidades fundamentales para el desarrollo del proyecto: incorporar visión robótica 3D y generar un programa adaptado al ambiente que lo rodea. Para satisfacer el primer requerimiento, se utiliza una cámara de alta definición, una luz LED y un sensor láser de distancia, que en conjunto al software LabVIEW de National Instruments, permiten desarrollar los procesamientos necesarios para obtener la ubicación y orientación de la pieza a soldar en el espacio de trabajo. La simulación de la celda robótica junto con la generación de código de robot, se realizan con el software Rhinoceros, Grasshopper y KUKA|prc, donde el primero es capaz de desarrollar modelos 3D mecánicos y diseños industriales, y los dos últimos implementan la simulación de robots 3D de marca KUKA, dado que el robot prototipo del proyecto corresponde al KUKA modelo KR6.Se espera que este documento sea un aporte para el desarrollo de sistemas robóticos capaces de adaptarse a variaciones en el entorno de trabajo o cambios en los objetos a manipular y, que en conjunto con la programación fuera de línea u off-line, entregue las herramientas necesarias para que cualquier usuario con nociones básicas de programación, sea capaz de generar los mismos programas que un experto.
This final project aims to reduce the development time of applications and increase the period of use of a robot, through the employment of software for computer aided design simulation (CAD), from which the user is able to graphically program orders must meet the robot. Applied to a welding problem, the robot must follow the programmed points in order to simulate welding a piece to a given surface.To compensate for differences between the ideal design and actual implementation, the project incorporates a visual inspection system, using software image and signal processing, which allows updating the welding program in order to correct the previous path. The welding program is generated, from a virtual plane location that is parameterized to the actual spatial coordinates of the workspace of the robot.The integration of the various modules is one of the most interesting problems to deal with in this project, since the robot itself, lacks the two essential capabilities to meet the proposed objectives: incorporate 3D robotic vision and create a program tailored to the environment around it. To fulfill the first request, a high-definition camera, a LED light, a laser distance sensor, together with the LabVIEW software from National Instruments, are integrated to the system to develop the necessary processing to obtain the location and orientation of the workpiece used in the workspace. The simulation of the robotic cell and the robot code generation, are performed with the Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and KUKA|prc software, where the Rhinoceros is able to develop 3D mechanical models and industrial designs, and Grasshopper with KUKA|prc implement the robot 3D simulation of KUKA brand, since the robot prototype of the project corresponds to the KUKA model KR6.Since the use of robots has increased considerably in various areas of industry, specifically in the production lines, it is expected that this document will be a contribution to the development of robotic systems capable of adapting to different environment and workpiece changes using off-line programming, giving the necessary tools for anyone with basic programming skills, to be able to generate programs as an expert does.
This final project aims to reduce the development time of applications and increase the period of use of a robot, through the employment of software for computer aided design simulation (CAD), from which the user is able to graphically program orders must meet the robot. Applied to a welding problem, the robot must follow the programmed points in order to simulate welding a piece to a given surface.To compensate for differences between the ideal design and actual implementation, the project incorporates a visual inspection system, using software image and signal processing, which allows updating the welding program in order to correct the previous path. The welding program is generated, from a virtual plane location that is parameterized to the actual spatial coordinates of the workspace of the robot.The integration of the various modules is one of the most interesting problems to deal with in this project, since the robot itself, lacks the two essential capabilities to meet the proposed objectives: incorporate 3D robotic vision and create a program tailored to the environment around it. To fulfill the first request, a high-definition camera, a LED light, a laser distance sensor, together with the LabVIEW software from National Instruments, are integrated to the system to develop the necessary processing to obtain the location and orientation of the workpiece used in the workspace. The simulation of the robotic cell and the robot code generation, are performed with the Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and KUKA|prc software, where the Rhinoceros is able to develop 3D mechanical models and industrial designs, and Grasshopper with KUKA|prc implement the robot 3D simulation of KUKA brand, since the robot prototype of the project corresponds to the KUKA model KR6.Since the use of robots has increased considerably in various areas of industry, specifically in the production lines, it is expected that this document will be a contribution to the development of robotic systems capable of adapting to different environment and workpiece changes using off-line programming, giving the necessary tools for anyone with basic programming skills, to be able to generate programs as an expert does.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
ADAPTACION VARIACIONES EN EL ENTORNO DE TRABAJO, DESARROLLO DE APLICACIONES, DESARROLLO DE SISTEMAS ROBOTICOS, ROBOTICA 3D, SOFTWARE DE DISENO Y SIMULACION ASISTIDO POR COMPUTADORA (CAD),