Thesis PROPUESTA DE MEJORES PRÁCTICAS EN LA GESTIÓN PARA HACER FRENTE A LA NUEVA ISO 9001:2015
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Date
2015-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
La investigación que se presenta a continuación tiene como propósito principal el estudio de la nueva norma de Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad ISO 9001:2015, y analizar la implementación de las nuevas modificaciones o incorporaciones en las empresas certificadas ISO 9001:2008, con el fin de que estas organizaciones migran con facilidad y de la mejor manera a la certificación actualizada de la norma. La norma ISO 9001 se centra en la elaboración de un sistema completo para la gestión de la calidad de los productos y/o servicios entregados por una empresa u organización, ya sea privada o pública, involucrándose tanto en las etapas previas a la elaboración del producto o entrega del servicios, el procesos de elaboración o entrega propiamente tal y en las etapas posteriores, siempre enfocándose en la satisfacción del cliente. La primera parte de esta investigación consiste en la definición de un Sistema de Gestión de la calidad, desde sus conceptos, fundamentos y aplicaciones, con el fin de que el lector pueda entender a plenitud el desarrollo de la investigación. Luego, esta investigación consiste en un estudio de la norma ISO 9001:20015, identificando los nuevos requerimientos o modificaciones respecto a la versión anterior, tanto en el ámbito estructural, como en aspectos más cualitativos, como lo son el enfoque, realizando una comparación continua entre las normas ISO 9001:2008 e ISO 9001:2015. Como resultado de este análisis se obtuvo que la ISO 9001:2015 presenta un enfoque basado en los riesgos involucrados en las operaciones, además una mayor importancia en lo que refiere al contexto de la organización, sobre todo en los agentes externos involucrados, donde la norma establece que la organización debe tener cierto conocimiento sobre ellos y los denomina “partes interesadas”, y realizar una gestión del conocimiento interno dentro de la organización para un correcto funcionamiento en sus operaciones. En su mayoría los tópicos ISO 9001:2008 se conservan, ya sea con otro nombre o distribución en la ISO 9001:2015, exceptuando el “Manual de Calidad”, elemento que no es considerado como requisito en la nueva versión, sumado al “Representante de la dirección”, ya que la ISO 9001:2015 establece que la alta dirección como un conjunto es quien tiene que tomar la responsabilidad de implementar, desarrollar, analizar y mejorar el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad Posteriormente, luego de haber identificado estas modificaciones e incorporaciones en la ISO 9001:2015, se procede a la creación de una guía donde se señalarán los procedimientos a seguir para que las empresas certificadas ISO 9001:2008 cumplan con los requisitos solicitados en la norma versión 2015. Se indica que puntos ya existentes en el Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad de la organización deben ser revisados para un cumplimiento completo de los requisitos de la norma actualizada, ya que esta los aborda con mayor amplitud. Además, se señalan los requisitos ISO 9001:2015 que las organizaciones deben incorporar en sus operaciones, ya sea referente al tratamiento de los riesgos asociados a la operación, la gestión de la satisfacción del cliente y la gestión del conocimiento, esta guía propone las mejores prácticas para cumplir estos requisitos en su plenitud, estas prácticas son las incorporaciones de un “Sistema de Gestión de Riesgos”, un “Sistema de Satisfacción al cliente” y la aplicación de técnicas para la gestión del conocimiento. También se indica aplicar herramientas para el análisis del contexto organizacional, con el fin de identificar claramente estas “partes interesadas”, como están involucradas e influencian en la organización, estas herramientas corresponden a “Análisis FODA” y “Análisis de Cinco Fuerzas de Porter”. Finalmente se hará referencia al impacto que causará a lo largo de la organización y en sus operaciones, la incorporación de estas nuevas prácticas para cumplir los requisitos solicitados en la ISO 9001:2015. Como conclusión se llega a que la implementación de esta guía ayudará a las organizaciones a cumplir los nuevos requisitos de la norma y no generarán gran cambio en las operaciones existentes en las organizaciones, ya que las modificaciones que se realizarían son complementarias a las ya existentes y otorgarían un gran valor agregado a la entidad. Es por esto que se determina que el impacto sobre las organizaciones será sumamente positivo, ya que sus operaciones no sufrirán cambios rotundos y se logrará un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad que responde en todos los niveles al aseguramiento de la calidad de los productos y/o servicios entregados, asegurando la satisfacción del cliente.
The investigation presented here, has as main purpose the study of new quality management systems standard ISO 9001: 2015 and analyze the implementation of the new modifications or additions to the certified companies ISO 9001: 2008 with the so that these organizations migrate easily and the best way to certification updated. ISO 9001 focuses on the development of a comprehensive system for management of the quality of products and / or services provided by a company or organization, whether private or public, engaging in both previous steps to making the product or delivery of services, production processes or delivery itself, and in later stages, always focusing on customer satisfaction. The first part of this investigation is the definition of a quality management system, from their concepts, fundamentals and applications, so that the reader can understand fully the development of research. Then, the investigation is a study of ISO 9001: 20015 final version, identifying new requirements or changes from the previous version of the standard, both in structural matters itself, as in more qualitative aspects, as are the approach of the new version of the standard, making a continuous comparison between ISO 9001: 2008 and ISO 9001: 2015. As a result of this analysis was obtained the ISO 9001: 2015 presents a risk-based approach involved in operations, plus greater importance when it comes to the context of the organization, especially external actors involved, where the normIt states that the organization should have some knowledge about them and calls them "stakeholders", and perform internal knowledge management within the organization for proper operation in its operations. Mostly the ISO 9001 topics: 2008 are preserved with either another name or distribution in ISO 9001: 2015, excluding the "Quality Manual", an element that is not considered as a requirement in the new version, coupled with "Representative management "as the ISO 9001: 2015 states that senior management as a whole is having to take responsibility to implement, develop, analyze and improve the quality management system. Later, having identified these modifications and additions to the ISO 9001: 2015, we proceed to the creation of a guide where the procedures will be brought forward for companies certified ISO 9001: 2008 comply with the requirements stipulated in the standard version 2015. it indicates that point already on the quality management system of the organization should be reviewed for full compliance with the requirements of the updated standard, as this approaches them more widely. In addition, ISO 9001:2015 requirements state that organizations must incorporate into their operations either concerning the treatment of the risks associated with the operation, management of customer satisfaction and knowledge management, this guide proposes best practices for meet these requirements in its fullness, these practices are the additions of a "Risk Management System", a "System of customer Satisfaction" and the application of techniques for knowledge management. It is also indicated apply tools for analysis of the organizational context, in order to clearly identify these "stakeholders", as they are involved and influence in the organization, these tools are a "SWOT analysis" and "Analysis Porter's Five Forces". Finally reference to the impact that would cause throughout the organization and its operations will be the incorporation of these new practices to meet the requirements stipulated in ISO 9001: 2015. In conclusion it is reached that the implementation of this guide will help organizations to meet the new requirements of the standard and will not generate major change in existing operations in organizations, since the modifications to be carried out are complementary to existing and They would give a great value to the organization. This is why it is determined that the impact on organizations is extremely positive, as their operations do not suffer radical changes and Quality Management System that meets at all levels to ensuring the quality of products and / or will be achieved services provided, ensuring customer satisfaction.
The investigation presented here, has as main purpose the study of new quality management systems standard ISO 9001: 2015 and analyze the implementation of the new modifications or additions to the certified companies ISO 9001: 2008 with the so that these organizations migrate easily and the best way to certification updated. ISO 9001 focuses on the development of a comprehensive system for management of the quality of products and / or services provided by a company or organization, whether private or public, engaging in both previous steps to making the product or delivery of services, production processes or delivery itself, and in later stages, always focusing on customer satisfaction. The first part of this investigation is the definition of a quality management system, from their concepts, fundamentals and applications, so that the reader can understand fully the development of research. Then, the investigation is a study of ISO 9001: 20015 final version, identifying new requirements or changes from the previous version of the standard, both in structural matters itself, as in more qualitative aspects, as are the approach of the new version of the standard, making a continuous comparison between ISO 9001: 2008 and ISO 9001: 2015. As a result of this analysis was obtained the ISO 9001: 2015 presents a risk-based approach involved in operations, plus greater importance when it comes to the context of the organization, especially external actors involved, where the normIt states that the organization should have some knowledge about them and calls them "stakeholders", and perform internal knowledge management within the organization for proper operation in its operations. Mostly the ISO 9001 topics: 2008 are preserved with either another name or distribution in ISO 9001: 2015, excluding the "Quality Manual", an element that is not considered as a requirement in the new version, coupled with "Representative management "as the ISO 9001: 2015 states that senior management as a whole is having to take responsibility to implement, develop, analyze and improve the quality management system. Later, having identified these modifications and additions to the ISO 9001: 2015, we proceed to the creation of a guide where the procedures will be brought forward for companies certified ISO 9001: 2008 comply with the requirements stipulated in the standard version 2015. it indicates that point already on the quality management system of the organization should be reviewed for full compliance with the requirements of the updated standard, as this approaches them more widely. In addition, ISO 9001:2015 requirements state that organizations must incorporate into their operations either concerning the treatment of the risks associated with the operation, management of customer satisfaction and knowledge management, this guide proposes best practices for meet these requirements in its fullness, these practices are the additions of a "Risk Management System", a "System of customer Satisfaction" and the application of techniques for knowledge management. It is also indicated apply tools for analysis of the organizational context, in order to clearly identify these "stakeholders", as they are involved and influence in the organization, these tools are a "SWOT analysis" and "Analysis Porter's Five Forces". Finally reference to the impact that would cause throughout the organization and its operations will be the incorporation of these new practices to meet the requirements stipulated in ISO 9001: 2015. In conclusion it is reached that the implementation of this guide will help organizations to meet the new requirements of the standard and will not generate major change in existing operations in organizations, since the modifications to be carried out are complementary to existing and They would give a great value to the organization. This is why it is determined that the impact on organizations is extremely positive, as their operations do not suffer radical changes and Quality Management System that meets at all levels to ensuring the quality of products and / or will be achieved services provided, ensuring customer satisfaction.
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Keywords
ISO 9001:2015, GESTIÓN DE CALIDAD