Thesis OPTIMIZACIÓN DE DISEÑO EN TOLVAS TIPO CUÑA
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Date
2015-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación se relaciona con el manejo de materiales
sólidos a granel, para optimizar el diseño en un silo con tolva tipo cuña, y así evitar
problemas de fluidez al momento de descargar el material. Para la obtención de
resultados se utilizó un modelo a escala, con un inserto tipo placa vertical en la tolva
de descarga del silo.
Para analizar los distintos factores que influyen en esta investigación, se
decidió implementar un sistema de almacenamiento para materiales sólidos a granel,
que cumpliese con los requisitos y objetivos propuestos. Se realizaron ensayos de
carga y descarga en el prototipo de silo fabricado, mediante el uso de cinco materiales
sólidos a granel (gritz de maíz, fertilizante, arena, azúcar y pellets de plástico), los
cuales fueron seleccionados según sus propiedades y características. Además, se
ensayaron tres recubrimientos de pared: acero inoxidable, acero al carbono y lija de
madera n°180.
La utilización de insertos en la tolva de descarga en silos con tolva tipo cuña,
principalmente un inserto tipo placa vertical, si genera un cambio en el tipo de flujo
que se desarrolla al descargar el material sólido a granel. Se recomienda considerar la
aplicación e implementación de este tipo de insertos para solucionar problemas de
flujo en silos.
The goal of this work is to improve and optimize the design of wedge shaped hopper silos, avoiding flow problems when unloading the material. To obtain results, a scale model was used, with a vertical plate insert in the silo´s discharge hopper. To analyze the different variables of this investigation, it was necessary to use a storage system for bulk solids to meet the requirements imposed. Therefore, charge and discharge tests were performed with the silo prototype, using five bulk solids (gritz, fertilizer, sand, sugar and plastic pellets), which were selected according to their own properties to represent a broad material’s spectrum with similar properties used in industry. Three wall coatings were tested: stainless steel, carbon steel and wood sandpaper N° 180. A database was created with the information obtained of the different flows at the unloading moment of the material. This was compared with existing literature and analyzed to identify the significance of different geometric variables that must be considered when designing silos and hoppers. The use of inserts in the hopper discharge in silos with wedge shaped hopper type, especially an insert type vertical plate, generates a change in the type flow that develops when unloading bulk materials. The application and implementation of such inserts are recommended for flow problems.
The goal of this work is to improve and optimize the design of wedge shaped hopper silos, avoiding flow problems when unloading the material. To obtain results, a scale model was used, with a vertical plate insert in the silo´s discharge hopper. To analyze the different variables of this investigation, it was necessary to use a storage system for bulk solids to meet the requirements imposed. Therefore, charge and discharge tests were performed with the silo prototype, using five bulk solids (gritz, fertilizer, sand, sugar and plastic pellets), which were selected according to their own properties to represent a broad material’s spectrum with similar properties used in industry. Three wall coatings were tested: stainless steel, carbon steel and wood sandpaper N° 180. A database was created with the information obtained of the different flows at the unloading moment of the material. This was compared with existing literature and analyzed to identify the significance of different geometric variables that must be considered when designing silos and hoppers. The use of inserts in the hopper discharge in silos with wedge shaped hopper type, especially an insert type vertical plate, generates a change in the type flow that develops when unloading bulk materials. The application and implementation of such inserts are recommended for flow problems.
Description
Keywords
MATERIALES SÓLIDOS A GRANEL, SILO, TOLVA TIPO CUÑA, PROBLEMAS DE FLUIDEZ, INSERTO, PLACA VERTICAL