Thesis "DESARROLLO DE TOPOLOGIA OPTIMA DE REDES SECAS URBANAS, PARA LA EXTINCIÓN DE INCENDIO EN LUGARES DE DIFÍCIL ACCESO
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La quinta región del país es un foco de potenciales incendios durante la temporada de verano, así lodemuestran estadísticas de la CONAF en cuanto a ocurrencia de este tipo de siniestros. La ciudad deValparaíso, en particular, se ha visto involucrada en diversos incendios urbanos de grandesmagnitudes durante los últimos años, los motivos de estos eventos son diversos, pero uno de los quemás destaca es la incapacidad de bomberos para poder contralar la situación en la urbe, esto debido aque existen lugares en la ciudad en donde el carro de bomberos no puede acceder dado lo intricadodel sitio, lo cual conlleva que tampoco pueda acceder el recurso hídrico para suprimir el siniestro.La propuesta de solución para el problema anteriormente planteado es el diseño de una red secaurbana, la cual presente una entrada en donde el camión de bomberos se acople a la red, en un lugaraccesible para el mismo, y de esta manera disponga de agua en diversas salidas del sistema ubicadasen distintos puntos de la urbe afectada. La propuesta que realiza este trabajo es la implantación detres códigos, que se desarrollan en lenguaje de programación MATLAB, y su objetivo es diseñar lared anteriormente mencionada usando únicamente como parámetro de entrada la configuraciónurbana de la zona en donde se desea instalar la red.Módulo 1: El primer código tiene el objetivo de determinar las salidas que tendrá la red seca, estemodelo genera una malla inicial cuadrada de puntos, y posteriormente a cada uno de estos se le aplicauna corrección de ubicación, dado que las salidas de la red solo pueden estar ubicadas en zonasespecíficas.Módulo 2: El segundo código, tiene como objetivo generar la topología de la red, uniendo cada unode los puntos, de tal forma, que se reduzca la longitud de la mismas, esto conlleva la reducción de laspérdidas de presión y reducción del capital inicial para instalar la red. La principal condicionante deeste problema es que la red solo puede circular por lugares específicos.Módulo 3: Tiene como objeto entregar el diámetro de la red, para que esta opere bajo condicionesnormativas mínimas para la extinción de incendios, aplicando las ecuaciones físicas que rigen lasituación.Los resultados finales entregan dimensiones de redes teóricamente viables para su funcionamiento,estos son una buena aproximación de lo que sería la solución final al problema propuesto, pero serequiere de ingeniera más en detalle para su aplicación real.
The fifth region of the country is a focus of potential fires during the summer season, as demonstratedby statistics from the CONAF regarding the occurrence of this type of accident. The city ofValparaíso, in particular, has been involved in several urban fires of great magnitude in recent years,the reasons for these events are diverse, but one of the most prominent is the inability of firefightersto control the situation in the city, this because there are places in the city where the fire truck can’taccess given the intricacy of the site, which means that it can’t access the water resource to suppressthe accident.The proposed solution to the problem previously raised is the design of a dry urban network, whichpresents an entrance where the fire truck is coupled to the network, in a place accessible to it, andthus have water in different exits of the system located in different points of the affected city. Theproposal that makes this work is the implementation of three codes, which are developed in theprogramming language MATLAB, and its objective is to design the aforementioned network usingonly as an input parameter the urban configuration of the area where you want to install the network.Module 1: The first code has the objective of determining the outputs that the dry network will have,this model generates an initial square mesh of points, and subsequently to each of these a locationcorrection is applied, given that the outputs of the network can only be located in specific zones.Module 2: The second code, aims to generate the topology of the network, joining each of the points,in such a way that the length of the same is reduced, this entails the reduction of pressure losses andreduction of capital Initial to install the network. The main conditioning factor of this problem is thatthe network can only circulate in specific places.Module 3: Its purpose is to deliver the diameter of the network, so that it operates under minimumnormative conditions for the extinction of fires, applying the physical equations that govern thesituation.The final results provide theoretically viable network dimensions for its operation, these are a goodapproximation of what would be the final solution to the proposed problem, but more detailedengineering is required for its actual application.
The fifth region of the country is a focus of potential fires during the summer season, as demonstratedby statistics from the CONAF regarding the occurrence of this type of accident. The city ofValparaíso, in particular, has been involved in several urban fires of great magnitude in recent years,the reasons for these events are diverse, but one of the most prominent is the inability of firefightersto control the situation in the city, this because there are places in the city where the fire truck can’taccess given the intricacy of the site, which means that it can’t access the water resource to suppressthe accident.The proposed solution to the problem previously raised is the design of a dry urban network, whichpresents an entrance where the fire truck is coupled to the network, in a place accessible to it, andthus have water in different exits of the system located in different points of the affected city. Theproposal that makes this work is the implementation of three codes, which are developed in theprogramming language MATLAB, and its objective is to design the aforementioned network usingonly as an input parameter the urban configuration of the area where you want to install the network.Module 1: The first code has the objective of determining the outputs that the dry network will have,this model generates an initial square mesh of points, and subsequently to each of these a locationcorrection is applied, given that the outputs of the network can only be located in specific zones.Module 2: The second code, aims to generate the topology of the network, joining each of the points,in such a way that the length of the same is reduced, this entails the reduction of pressure losses andreduction of capital Initial to install the network. The main conditioning factor of this problem is thatthe network can only circulate in specific places.Module 3: Its purpose is to deliver the diameter of the network, so that it operates under minimumnormative conditions for the extinction of fires, applying the physical equations that govern thesituation.The final results provide theoretically viable network dimensions for its operation, these are a goodapproximation of what would be the final solution to the proposed problem, but more detailedengineering is required for its actual application.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
EXTINCION DE INCENDIOS, INCENDIOS URBANOS, REDES SECAS URBANAS