Thesis OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LAS OPERACIONES DE UN MODELO DE NEGOCIOS PARA ENTREGA DE REPUESTOS A SUBCONTRATISTAS DE LA MINERÍA.
Loading...
Date
2013-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
La presente memoria desarrolla modelos que contribuyan la optimización operacional de una empresa dedicada a proveer repuestos a subcontratistas de la minería. La empresa entrega repuestos a equipos dedicados principalmente al movimiento de tierra, los cuales pueden corresponder a camiones, excavadoras, bulldozers, motoniveladoras y grúas, entre otros. Se observa que para poder competir dentro de esta industria es necesaria la profesionalización de las operaciones de la empresa, para lo que se desarrollaran diversas técnicas a fin de mejorar los resultados operacionales. La presente memoria se basa en los modelos de negocios desarrollados por el alumno Cristóbal Rauld Valenzuela, en su memoria titulada “Desarrollo de un modelo de negocios para la entrega de repuestos a subcontratistas de la minería“. La empresa se enmarca en el rubro antes mencionado. Los modelos fueron realizados por año, y cada año presenta una forma de funcionamiento diferente, existiendo tres modelos para los tres primeros años. Para los modelos de negocios desarrollados por Rauld (2013),se requiere la optimización operacional se realiza desde todos los puntos de vista posibles, tanto profesionales como de ingenio, teniendo en consideración siempre la escasez de recursos que presenta una empresa recién formada. Reconociendo la necesidad de generar una diferenciación respecto a los demás competidores, esta memoria se enfoca en la profesionalización de los procesos. La utilización de tecnologías es crucial para este aspecto, por lo que se la incorpora en distintas etapas de la operación. Para el control de inventario se propone trabajar con tecnología RFID (identificación por radio frecuencia), lo que permite a la empresa contar con información inmediata referente a los cambios de inventario en sus bodegas, prescindiendo de la obligación de contar con un bodeguero. La utilización de internet para la actualización del inventario y para la obtención de información relativa a la ubicación de los repartidores es crucial para el tercer año, momento en el cual esta información provendrá de un GPS instalado en el camión repartidor.
Las soluciones ingenieriles corresponden a las políticas de manejo de inventario, donde se estructuran cuatro categorías de productos. En base a tres parámetros: periodicidad de falla, criticidad del repuesto y costo del repuesto, se crean cuatro categorías a fin de reducir los costos de capital de la empresa. Se plantea el desarrollo de un estudio de fallas para determinados tipos de equipos, a fin de determinar cuan periódicas son las fallas que cada uno de ellos presenta. Con ello se busca parametrizar qué tipos de repuestos son los que presentan mayor posibilidad de falla, optimizando así compras y distribución. El estudio se recomienda sea realizado para todos los equipos que la empresa atenderá, pero debido a la limitación de información existente, sólo se hace el estudio de un equipo en este minuto. Puesto que en los modelos de negocios en los que se basa esta memoria, el tercer año posee un modelo operacional distinto, se requieren nuevos equipos. Se realiza una estimación del costo que presenta la inversión inicial, como también la reinversión necesaria para el tercer año, a fin de asegurar la sustentabilidad de las medidas sugeridas. Es la aplicación de conocimiento lo que permitirá que la empresa se diferencie de la competencia. Para obtener la preferencia de los clientes, se debe proveer un mejor servicio. Para ser más rentable, se debe operar a menores costos. La satisfacción de ambos criterios se centra en las operaciones, por medio de una serie de modelos matemáticos no complejos, que permitan optimizar la operación de la empresa. Si bien no se busca desarrollar un nuevo paradigma de operaciones, se utilizan las técnicas de ingeniería para la entrega de un mejor servicio, lo que constituye una diferencia considerable respecto a la competencia. Si bien las técnicas utilizadas pueden parecer básicas para un estudiante, no son muy comunes en empresas de pequeña envergadura como la que se está estudiando. Entendiendo que la empresa ya ha desarrollado su modelo de negocios, el análisis de las operaciones concluye en recomendaciones respecto a las mejores opciones que ésta puede tomar para optimizar sus operaciones.
The present dissertation consists in an operational optimization for a company providing spare parts to subcontractors in the mining sector. The company provides spares mainly for equipment engaged in earthmoving, which includes trucks, excavators, bulldozers, graders and cranes, among others. It is noted that in order to compete within this industry, the company needs to professionalize its operations. This is why various techniques were developed to improve operating results.This report is based on the business models developed by the student Cristóbal Rauld Valenzuela in his dissertation, entitled "Development of a business model for the delivery of spare parts for mining subcontractors". His work was prepared for the same hypothetical company this report encompasses, presenting a 3-year long entrepreneur business plan. The operational optimization in this report is that of his proposed business models. Operational optimization is performed from all possible professional and engineering points of view, always taking into account the scarcity of resources in a newly formed company. Taking into consideration the need to generate a differentiation from other competitors, I focus primarily on the professionalization of processes.The use of technology is crucial in bringing more professional knowledge in processes. This is why many of the recommendations involve the adoption of available technologies for optimization. For inventory control, the use of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology is suggested, allowing the company to have immediate information regarding changes in inventory intheir warehouses. It also relaxes the demands on warehouse keepers from an accounting to a guarding role. The use of the Internet to update the inventory and provide accurate information to the location of the delivery units is crucial for the third year of operations, when this information will come from a GPS installed in the delivery truck.Engineering solutions are implemented through the inventory management policies, which are structured into four categories of products. Based on three parameters, namely frequency of failure, criticality of spare parts and cost, four categories are created in order to reduce the capital costs of the company.A study of failures in certain types of equipment is proposed to determine the regularity of the flaws they present. This information should be used to decide what parts are those with greater chances of failure. It is recommended a study is performed for all types of equipment the company will serve, but due to the limited information available, we can only conduct the study for one tipe of equipment at this minute.As mentioned in the business models that underpin this report, the third year has a different operating model, making it necessary to buy new equipment. To ensure sustainability of the optimization processes, the costs of the initial investment, as well as reinvestment necessary for the third year, were analyzed in this dissertation.The use of knowledge is what will allow the company to differentiate itself from its competitors. In order to gain clients’ preference, it should provide better service at lower costs. Both points can be addressed through operations, which is why a series of non-complex mathematical models were developed. The optimization of the company’s operations, while not seeking to develop a new paradigm, used engineering techniques for better service delivery. The aforementioned techniques constitute a considerable difference from the competition, because while they may seem elemental to a student, they are not widely used in small-scale enterprises such as the one here studied.After analyzing the operations embedded in the existing business model, final recommendations are made regarding how best practices can be implemented to help the company operate at an optimal level.
The present dissertation consists in an operational optimization for a company providing spare parts to subcontractors in the mining sector. The company provides spares mainly for equipment engaged in earthmoving, which includes trucks, excavators, bulldozers, graders and cranes, among others. It is noted that in order to compete within this industry, the company needs to professionalize its operations. This is why various techniques were developed to improve operating results.This report is based on the business models developed by the student Cristóbal Rauld Valenzuela in his dissertation, entitled "Development of a business model for the delivery of spare parts for mining subcontractors". His work was prepared for the same hypothetical company this report encompasses, presenting a 3-year long entrepreneur business plan. The operational optimization in this report is that of his proposed business models. Operational optimization is performed from all possible professional and engineering points of view, always taking into account the scarcity of resources in a newly formed company. Taking into consideration the need to generate a differentiation from other competitors, I focus primarily on the professionalization of processes.The use of technology is crucial in bringing more professional knowledge in processes. This is why many of the recommendations involve the adoption of available technologies for optimization. For inventory control, the use of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology is suggested, allowing the company to have immediate information regarding changes in inventory intheir warehouses. It also relaxes the demands on warehouse keepers from an accounting to a guarding role. The use of the Internet to update the inventory and provide accurate information to the location of the delivery units is crucial for the third year of operations, when this information will come from a GPS installed in the delivery truck.Engineering solutions are implemented through the inventory management policies, which are structured into four categories of products. Based on three parameters, namely frequency of failure, criticality of spare parts and cost, four categories are created in order to reduce the capital costs of the company.A study of failures in certain types of equipment is proposed to determine the regularity of the flaws they present. This information should be used to decide what parts are those with greater chances of failure. It is recommended a study is performed for all types of equipment the company will serve, but due to the limited information available, we can only conduct the study for one tipe of equipment at this minute.As mentioned in the business models that underpin this report, the third year has a different operating model, making it necessary to buy new equipment. To ensure sustainability of the optimization processes, the costs of the initial investment, as well as reinvestment necessary for the third year, were analyzed in this dissertation.The use of knowledge is what will allow the company to differentiate itself from its competitors. In order to gain clients’ preference, it should provide better service at lower costs. Both points can be addressed through operations, which is why a series of non-complex mathematical models were developed. The optimization of the company’s operations, while not seeking to develop a new paradigm, used engineering techniques for better service delivery. The aforementioned techniques constitute a considerable difference from the competition, because while they may seem elemental to a student, they are not widely used in small-scale enterprises such as the one here studied.After analyzing the operations embedded in the existing business model, final recommendations are made regarding how best practices can be implemented to help the company operate at an optimal level.
Description
Keywords
ABASTECIMIENTO, BODEGA -- ALMACENAMIENTO, EQUIPO INDUSTRIAL -- RESPUESTOS, INDUSTRIA MINERA
Citation
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago