Thesis DESARROLLO DE MODELO COMPUTACIONAL PARA EL ANALISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD DE LOS TIEMPOS Y COSTOS DE FABRICACIÓN, PARA PROCESOS DE MECANIZADO EN TORNO
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Date
2012-12
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En este trabajo de título se lleva a cabo un análisis de sensibilidad a las relaciones
de tiempos y costos de fabricación, para así hallar los coeficientes de sensibilidad
de todas las variables presentes en estas relaciones, para procesos de torneado.
Con este análisis se puede determinar cuáles son las variables de mayor influencia
en las relaciones de tiempos y costos de fabricación para la mayoría de piezas que
son posibles de mecanizar mediante un proceso de torneado, para así tener un
mayor control sobre estas variables. Enfocándolo siempre hacia la pequeña y
mediana empresa.
Este trabajo de título usa como base la memoria “Aporte al análisis de
sensibilidad de tiempo y costos de fabricación en procesos de torneado” de David
Sepúlveda Gutiérrez, del año 1986, que incluye el análisis de sensibilidad para
procesos de torneado que contengan operaciones de cilindrado, torneado cónico, y
refrentado, sin la construcción de un modelo computacional que arroje los
coeficientes de sensibilidad de todas las variables presentes en el proceso. Por
esto, y aunque el análisis es confiable, su aplicación a distintas situaciones de
torneado es engorrosa, ya que se necesita entre 15 y 20 horas de trabajo continuo
para la obtención de los resultados (según el propio autor) por lo que es de vital
importancia la construcción de un modelo computacional que simplifique
considerablemente este procedimiento, así como también la ampliación del campo
de aplicación del análisis.
Tomando esto como punto de partida, en este trabajo de título se incluirá las
operaciones de cilindrado interno, roscado externo e interno, taladrado en torno,
entallado y tronzado; ampliando enormemente la gama de piezas en las cuales es
posible aplicar el modelo.
Primero se construyen las relaciones para los tiempos y costos de fabricación que
incluyan todas las variables que están presentes en el proceso de torneado. Para
esto, primero se desarrollan las funciones para obtener en forma precisa los
tiempos y costos de fabricación de todas las operaciones antes mencionadas (cilindrado externo e interno, torneado cónico, refrentado, roscado externo e
interno, taladrado en torno, y entallado y tronzado). También se agrega el modelo
para encontrar la Región de Alta Eficiencia (RAE) de los tiempos y costos de
fabricación, con respecto a la velocidad de corte. Adicionalmente a ello se
plantean las relaciones para la obtención del costo laboral y de máquina, para
finalmente presentar todas las relaciones necesarias para aplicar el análisis
matemático en derivadas parciales, que arroje los coeficientes de sensibilidad de
todas las variables presentes en estas relaciones.
Luego, con el modelo matemático ya construido, se procede a incluirlo en un
modelo computacional en MatLab, que permita aplicar el análisis a cualquier
situación en particular. Los coeficientes de sensibilidad representan algo así como
una fotografía del proceso en una situación determinada, por lo que no se puede
decir en forma generalizada cuales son las variables que tienen mayor o menor
influencia en las relaciones de tiempos y costos de fabricación, sino que esto
dependerá en definitiva del valor de cada una de las variables ingresadas como
datos. Este modelo matemático-computacional a su vez entregará la RAE de cada
operación de torneado para así seleccionar una velocidad de corte que esté dentro
de esta región de alta eficiencia.
Finalmente, se procede a la aplicación del modelo computacional a una situación
puntual cualquiera de torneado, para así probar el funcionamiento de este
programa y ver cuáles son las regiones de alto rendimiento con respecto a la
velocidad de corte para cada operación, para luego ver cuáles son las variables de
mayor importancia en relación a los tiempos y costos de fabricación para este
caso.
In this work are performed a sensitivity analysis to the relationships of manufacturing times and costs, to find the sensitivity coefficients of all variables presents in this relationships, for turning processes. This analysis can identify the most influential variables in the relationships of manufacturing times and costs for most of the parts that are possible to manufacture by turning process, to have more control over these variables. Always focusing to the small and medium company. This work uses like base the work “Contribution to the sensitivity analysis of manufacturing times and costs in turning processes" of David Sepúlveda Gutiérrez, 1986, which includes a sensitivity analysis for turning processes that contain operations of straight turning, conical turning and facing turning, without building a computational model that yields the sensitivity coefficients of all variables in the process. Therefore, although the analysis is reliable, its applications to different turning situations is tricky, because it takes 15 to 20 hours of continuous work to obtain results (according to the author) and it is for that the importance of building a computer model that simplify this procedure, as well as expanding the scope of analysis. Taking this as a starting point, in this work is include internal turning, external and internal screwed, drilling, notching and cutting, to expand greatly the range of parts that is possible apply the model. First is build relationships for the manufacturing times and costs that include all the variables that are present in the turning process. For this, first, functions are precisely developed to obtain the manufacturing time and cost for all the operations. It also adds the model to find High Efficiency Region (HER) of the manufacturing time and cost regarding to cutting speed. In addition to it is make the relationship to obtain the labor cost and the machine cost, to finally present all the relationships necessary to implement partial mathematical analysis that shows the sensitivity coefficients of all variables in these relationships. Then, with the mathematical model already built, shall be included in a computational model in MatLab, which allows applying the analysis to any particular situation. The sensitivity coefficients represent something like a picture of the process in a given situation, so can’t say across the board which is the variables that have more or less influence on the relations of manufacturing times and costs, as this depends on the value of each of the variables. This mathematical-computational model shows HER to each turning operation in order to select a cutting speed that is in this region of high efficiency. Finally, we will proceed to the application of the computational model to a specific turning situation, to test the operation of this program and see which regions of high performance with respect to the cutting speed for each operation, and then see what the most important variables are that affect the time and cost of manufacturing for this case.
In this work are performed a sensitivity analysis to the relationships of manufacturing times and costs, to find the sensitivity coefficients of all variables presents in this relationships, for turning processes. This analysis can identify the most influential variables in the relationships of manufacturing times and costs for most of the parts that are possible to manufacture by turning process, to have more control over these variables. Always focusing to the small and medium company. This work uses like base the work “Contribution to the sensitivity analysis of manufacturing times and costs in turning processes" of David Sepúlveda Gutiérrez, 1986, which includes a sensitivity analysis for turning processes that contain operations of straight turning, conical turning and facing turning, without building a computational model that yields the sensitivity coefficients of all variables in the process. Therefore, although the analysis is reliable, its applications to different turning situations is tricky, because it takes 15 to 20 hours of continuous work to obtain results (according to the author) and it is for that the importance of building a computer model that simplify this procedure, as well as expanding the scope of analysis. Taking this as a starting point, in this work is include internal turning, external and internal screwed, drilling, notching and cutting, to expand greatly the range of parts that is possible apply the model. First is build relationships for the manufacturing times and costs that include all the variables that are present in the turning process. For this, first, functions are precisely developed to obtain the manufacturing time and cost for all the operations. It also adds the model to find High Efficiency Region (HER) of the manufacturing time and cost regarding to cutting speed. In addition to it is make the relationship to obtain the labor cost and the machine cost, to finally present all the relationships necessary to implement partial mathematical analysis that shows the sensitivity coefficients of all variables in these relationships. Then, with the mathematical model already built, shall be included in a computational model in MatLab, which allows applying the analysis to any particular situation. The sensitivity coefficients represent something like a picture of the process in a given situation, so can’t say across the board which is the variables that have more or less influence on the relations of manufacturing times and costs, as this depends on the value of each of the variables. This mathematical-computational model shows HER to each turning operation in order to select a cutting speed that is in this region of high efficiency. Finally, we will proceed to the application of the computational model to a specific turning situation, to test the operation of this program and see which regions of high performance with respect to the cutting speed for each operation, and then see what the most important variables are that affect the time and cost of manufacturing for this case.
Description
Keywords
COEFICIENTES DE SENSIBILIDAD