Thesis COMPARACIÓN DE LA SEGREGACIÓN DE MATERIALES SÓLIDOS A GRANEL MEDIANTE DIVERSAS METODOLOGÍAS
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Date
2015-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como propósito estudiar el fenómeno de segregación
de un material sólido a granel en un tambor giratorio, con la finalidad de determinar y
cuantificar la segregación del material a través de un método no invasivo, y además,
comparar la metodología propuesta con la norma existente ASTM Standard D-6940-
03. Para llevar a cabo esto, primero fue necesario el diseño y fabricación de un
prototipo que pudiera reproducir el fenómeno, incluyendo un sistema motriz y un
tambor giratorio; y segundo, estudiar el comportamiento de una mezcla binaria para
obtener las condiciones de operación. Los ensayos fueron realizados en el Centro de
Investigación para el Transporte de Materiales Sólidos a Granel (CITRAM),
laboratorio perteneciente al Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad
Técnico Federico Santa María.
Se realizaron por una parte los ensayos variando los porcentajes de masa de la
mezcla binaria (gritz de maíz más semillas de mostaza), en el tambor giratorio a
diferentes velocidades de giro y por otra, igualmente variando la masa pero realizando
ensayos con el procedimiento entregados por norma. En los primeros de pudo obtener
un coeficiente de segregación entre 0 y 1, donde 𝐶𝑆 = 0 indica que no existe
segregación, mientras que 𝐶𝑆 = 1 indica segregación máxima entre partículas finas y
gruesas. Al realizar los ensayos normados, sólo se pudo estudiar el fenómeno de forma
cualitativa ya que la norma no recomienda ningún procedimiento de cálculo.
Por lo tanto, la metodología propuesta tiene como ventaja la cuantificación de
un coeficiente de segregación de forma no invasiva con la restricción de mezclas
binarias de colores diferentes, mientras que la norma sólo entrega el estudio del
fenómeno de forma cualitativa pero con la ventaja que puede ser cualquier tipo de
material. Ambos métodos tienen como restricción el tamaño máximo de las partículas
del material sólido a granel.
This work intends to study the segregation of bulk solid materials in a segregation rotating drum, in order to determine and quantify its separation by means of a non-invasive method. Furthermore, this procedure will be compared with ASTM D6940 – 03 standard practice. A prototype was designed and manufactured with the intention of running this test and performing this process; including a drive system and a segregation rotating drum. In addition, binary mixtures were analysed in order to obtain operating conditions. These tests were run in the Research Centre for Transportation of Bulk Solid Materials (CITRAM in Spanish), belonging to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. On one hand, the tests were run by varying the mass percentage of the binary mixture (corn grits and mustard seeds) in the segregation rotating drum at different rotational speeds. On the other hand, varied mass percentage was also used but following the procedures dictated by ASTM Standard. The first experiment gave a segregation coefficient between 0 and 1, where 𝐶𝑆 = 0 indicates there is no segregation, whereas 𝐶𝑆 = 1 indicates maximum segregation between fine and coarse particles. The second was only studied qualitatively ASTM Standard since the does not recommend any calculation procedure. Therefore, the advantage of the methodology proposed is quantifying the segregation coefficient by non-invasive methods but restricted to binary mixtures of different colours, whereas the ASTM standard only studies the phenomenon from the quantitative perspective; its advantage lies in the use of any material. Both methods are restricted by the maximum size of the solid particles.
This work intends to study the segregation of bulk solid materials in a segregation rotating drum, in order to determine and quantify its separation by means of a non-invasive method. Furthermore, this procedure will be compared with ASTM D6940 – 03 standard practice. A prototype was designed and manufactured with the intention of running this test and performing this process; including a drive system and a segregation rotating drum. In addition, binary mixtures were analysed in order to obtain operating conditions. These tests were run in the Research Centre for Transportation of Bulk Solid Materials (CITRAM in Spanish), belonging to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. On one hand, the tests were run by varying the mass percentage of the binary mixture (corn grits and mustard seeds) in the segregation rotating drum at different rotational speeds. On the other hand, varied mass percentage was also used but following the procedures dictated by ASTM Standard. The first experiment gave a segregation coefficient between 0 and 1, where 𝐶𝑆 = 0 indicates there is no segregation, whereas 𝐶𝑆 = 1 indicates maximum segregation between fine and coarse particles. The second was only studied qualitatively ASTM Standard since the does not recommend any calculation procedure. Therefore, the advantage of the methodology proposed is quantifying the segregation coefficient by non-invasive methods but restricted to binary mixtures of different colours, whereas the ASTM standard only studies the phenomenon from the quantitative perspective; its advantage lies in the use of any material. Both methods are restricted by the maximum size of the solid particles.
Description
Keywords
SEGREGACIÓN DE MATERIAL