Thesis Propuesta de plan de mejora de la eficiencia operacional para una fábrica de capachos para hormigón basada en la metodología lean manufacturing
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Date
2025
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El propósito de este trabajo es diseñar un plan orientado a mejorar la eficiencia operacional de una empresa del rubro metalmecánico, utilizando herramientas de mejora continua, con el fin de abordar los problemas que generan pérdidas y retrasos. Es fundamental que la implementación del plan no afecte la eficacia del proceso, y que este mantenga o supere sus estándares de seguridad y calidad.
El desarrollo del trabajo comienza con la recopilación de información general sobre la empresa, incluyendo su historia, marco estratégico, estructura organizacional y los productos que fabrica. Posteriormente, se selecciona la metodología de mejora continua más adecuada mediante una matriz de selección, eligiendo Lean Manufacturing [1] como la metodología principal. Para analizar los procesos, se emplean cuatro herramientas de Lean Manufacturing [1].. SIPOC [2], utilizado para mapear el proceso y su entorno. Mapa de flujo de valor [3], para identificar actividades que agregan o no agregan valor, así como los cuellos de botella. Mapa de macroproceso [4], que detalla las partes involucradas en el proceso productivo. Mapa de spaghetti [1], diseñado para analizar el flujo de personas y materiales dentro de la empresa.
Con esta información, se realiza un diagnóstico la situación actual de la empresa utilizando los ocho desperdicios de Lean Manufacturing [1], para identificar las principales causas de pérdidas en el proceso. A partir de este diagnóstico, se realiza un análisis causa-efecto mediante un diagrama de Ishikawa [2], lo que permite detectar las causas que generan los desperdicios y definir áreas clave de mejora.
The purpose of this work is to design a plan aimed at improving the operational efficiency of a metalworking company, using continuous improvement tools to address the problems that cause losses and delays. It is essential that the implementation of the plan does not affect the effectiveness of the process and that it maintains or exceeds safety and quality standards. The project begins with the collection of general information about the company, including its history, strategic framework, organizational structure, and the products it manufactures. Subsequently, the most suitable continuous improvement methodology is selected through a selection matrix, with Lean Manufacturing [1] chosen as the primary methodology. To analyze the processes, four Lean Manufacturing tools [1] are employed: SIPOC [2], used to map the process and its environment. Value Stream Mapping [3], to identify activities that add or do not add value, as well as bottlenecks. Macroprocess Map [4], which details the components involved in the production process. Spaghetti Diagram [1], designed to analyze the flow of people and materials within the company. Using this information, the current situation of the company is diagnosed through the eight wastes of Lean Manufacturing [1], aiming to identify the main causes of losses in the process. Based on this diagnosis, a cause-and-effect analysis is conducted using an Ishikawa diagram [2], allowing for the identification of the causes of waste and the definition of key areas for improvement.
The purpose of this work is to design a plan aimed at improving the operational efficiency of a metalworking company, using continuous improvement tools to address the problems that cause losses and delays. It is essential that the implementation of the plan does not affect the effectiveness of the process and that it maintains or exceeds safety and quality standards. The project begins with the collection of general information about the company, including its history, strategic framework, organizational structure, and the products it manufactures. Subsequently, the most suitable continuous improvement methodology is selected through a selection matrix, with Lean Manufacturing [1] chosen as the primary methodology. To analyze the processes, four Lean Manufacturing tools [1] are employed: SIPOC [2], used to map the process and its environment. Value Stream Mapping [3], to identify activities that add or do not add value, as well as bottlenecks. Macroprocess Map [4], which details the components involved in the production process. Spaghetti Diagram [1], designed to analyze the flow of people and materials within the company. Using this information, the current situation of the company is diagnosed through the eight wastes of Lean Manufacturing [1], aiming to identify the main causes of losses in the process. Based on this diagnosis, a cause-and-effect analysis is conducted using an Ishikawa diagram [2], allowing for the identification of the causes of waste and the definition of key areas for improvement.
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Keywords
Eficiencia operacional, Control de calidad total, Administración de la producción
