Thesis PROPUESTA DE MODIFICACIÓN AL MODELO DE TARIFICACIÓN AERONÁUTICA VIGENTE EN CHILE
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Date
2010-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El modelo tarifario aeronáutico de Chile está basado en el Reglamento de Tasas y Derechos Aeronáuticos (DAR 50), el cual fue creado en 1974 con el fin de satisfacer los costos del Sistema Aeronáutico. La Industria de Transporte Aéreo Nacional ha sufrido importantes cambios desde ese entonces, por lo que se presenta la inquietud, de que si este reglamento aún vigente, es representativo de la industria actual y si el modelo tarifario es eficiente. Por esta razón, se estudia la metodología residual utilizada en el Aeropuerto Internacional de Miami, para fijar la tasa de aterrizaje. Esta metodología consiste en sumar todos los gastos de un período y restarle los ingresos probables, creando una diferencia que es costeada a través del pago de la tasa de aterrizaje, la cual es fijada con la participación de las aerolíneas en las proyecciones de demanda.
Esta investigación analiza la aplicación del modelo residual en Chile, específicamente en las 3 tasas aeronáuticas que más impactan en la industria, las cuales son: el Derecho de Embarque, la Tasa de Aterrizaje y la Tasa de Servicio en Ruta. En el período 2005-2009 estas tasas representaron el 66%, el 13% y el 7% respectivamente de los ingresos anuales de la DGAC. La aplicación de esta metodología está supeditada primeramente por la factibilidad política, en la cual la DGAC, la OACI, la IATA y el Estado de Chile son los organismos relevantes en este estudio. En materia legal, es el Presidente de la República que a través de un Decreto Supremo puede aprobar la modificación del DAR 50. La factibilidad económica se ve afectada por los ingresos y gastos que tenga la DGAC en los distintos períodos. Por este motivo, se estudió el impacto que tendría la aplicación del modelo, en las 3 tasas aeronáuticas en 2 escenarios: el año 2007 como escenario positivo; y el año 2009 como un escenario negativo.
Los resultados del estudio demuestran que en ambos escenarios la Industria de Transporte Aéreo obtiene beneficios. El año 2007 la Industria se pudo haber ahorrado cerca de 8.500 millones de pesos. Si este beneficio se hubiese traspasado a los pasajeros, el Derecho de Embarque Nacional podría haber disminuido un 40,18% lo que significaría un ahorro de $2000. En tanto, si el ahorro se hubiera traspasado a la Tasa de Aterrizaje o a la Tasa de Servicios en Ruta, las aerolíneas podrían haber ahorrado en promedio un 77% por el pago de estas tasas. En tanto el año 2009, la Industria de Transporte Aéreo de Chile pudo haberse ahorrado cerca de 1.700 millones de pesos. Si este ahorro se hubiese pasado al Derecho de Embarque se podría haber disminuido en un 6,21% lo que equivale a $ 356. A su vez, para el caso de las aerolíneas, éstas pudieron haber ahorrado un 15% en el pago de la Tasa de Aterrizaje o la Tasa por Servicio en Ruta.
Con el desarrollo de esta investigación se pudo concluir que el actual modelo tarifario es un modelo obsoleto, ya que no tiene relación alguna entre las tasas aeronáuticas cobradas y los gastos del sistema, por lo cual ha provocado un superávit de ingresos en la DGAC que lo hace ineficiente. A su vez, se demostró que es factible la aplicación del modelo residual en Chile en el ámbito político, legal y económico. Finalmente, se concluyó que la aplicación de este modelo genera un impacto positivo en la Industria, debido a los beneficios que conlleva a los pasajeros y/o aerolínea.
The Chilean fees aeronautical model is based on „Fees and Charges Aviation Manual‟ (DAR-50), which was created in 1974 to meet the costs of the Aeronautical System. The National Air Transport Industry has undergone significant changes since then, so it shows the concern that if these Manual still in effect, is representative of the industry today and if the tariff model is efficient. For this reason, it was study the residual methodology used in the Miami International Airport, setting the Landing Fee. This method consists of adding expenses and subtracts the probable income, creating a difference that is paid by the landing fee, which is fixed with the participation of the airlines in demand projections. This research analyzes the residual model application in Chile, specifically in the 3 most impact aviation charges on the industry, which are: Passenger Service Charge, Landing Fee and En route Charges. In 2005-2009 these fees represented 66%, 13% and 7% respectively of the annual revenue of the DGCA. The application of this methodology is subject primarily by political feasibility, in which the DGAC, ICAO, IATA and the Chilean government are relevant for this study. In legal matters, is the President of the Republic through a Supreme Decree might approve the amendment to the DAR 50. Economic viability is affected by income and expense that has the DGAC in different periods. For this reason, it was study the impact of applying the model would in the 3 fees in two scenarios: the year 2007 as a positive scenario and the year 2009 as a negative scenario. The results of this study show that in both scenarios, the Air Transport Industry obtains profit. In 2007 the industry could have saved about 8,500 million pesos. If this benefit had been passed on to passengers, the Passenger Service Charge could have fallen by 40.18% which would mean a savings of $ 2000. Meanwhile, if the benefit had been passed to the Landing Fee or En Route Charges, the airlines could have saved an average of 77% for the payment of these fees. In 2009, the Air Transport Industry in Chile could have saved about 1,700 million pesos. If this money had been passed to the Passenger Service Charge could have been decreased by 6.21% which equates to $ 356. In turn, in the case of the airlines they could have saved 15% on the payment of Landing Fee or En Route Charges. With the development of this research it was concluded that the current rate model is an obsolete model, because there is no link between the aeronautical charges and expenses of the system, which has caused surplus revenue in the DGCA which make it inefficient. In turn, it was proved that it is possible the residual model application in Chile in the political, legal and economic areas. Finally, it was concluded that the application of this model generates a positive impact on the industry, because the benefits to passengers and / or Airlines.
The Chilean fees aeronautical model is based on „Fees and Charges Aviation Manual‟ (DAR-50), which was created in 1974 to meet the costs of the Aeronautical System. The National Air Transport Industry has undergone significant changes since then, so it shows the concern that if these Manual still in effect, is representative of the industry today and if the tariff model is efficient. For this reason, it was study the residual methodology used in the Miami International Airport, setting the Landing Fee. This method consists of adding expenses and subtracts the probable income, creating a difference that is paid by the landing fee, which is fixed with the participation of the airlines in demand projections. This research analyzes the residual model application in Chile, specifically in the 3 most impact aviation charges on the industry, which are: Passenger Service Charge, Landing Fee and En route Charges. In 2005-2009 these fees represented 66%, 13% and 7% respectively of the annual revenue of the DGCA. The application of this methodology is subject primarily by political feasibility, in which the DGAC, ICAO, IATA and the Chilean government are relevant for this study. In legal matters, is the President of the Republic through a Supreme Decree might approve the amendment to the DAR 50. Economic viability is affected by income and expense that has the DGAC in different periods. For this reason, it was study the impact of applying the model would in the 3 fees in two scenarios: the year 2007 as a positive scenario and the year 2009 as a negative scenario. The results of this study show that in both scenarios, the Air Transport Industry obtains profit. In 2007 the industry could have saved about 8,500 million pesos. If this benefit had been passed on to passengers, the Passenger Service Charge could have fallen by 40.18% which would mean a savings of $ 2000. Meanwhile, if the benefit had been passed to the Landing Fee or En Route Charges, the airlines could have saved an average of 77% for the payment of these fees. In 2009, the Air Transport Industry in Chile could have saved about 1,700 million pesos. If this money had been passed to the Passenger Service Charge could have been decreased by 6.21% which equates to $ 356. In turn, in the case of the airlines they could have saved 15% on the payment of Landing Fee or En Route Charges. With the development of this research it was concluded that the current rate model is an obsolete model, because there is no link between the aeronautical charges and expenses of the system, which has caused surplus revenue in the DGCA which make it inefficient. In turn, it was proved that it is possible the residual model application in Chile in the political, legal and economic areas. Finally, it was concluded that the application of this model generates a positive impact on the industry, because the benefits to passengers and / or Airlines.
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Keywords
AEROLÍNEAS TARIFAS, AEROLÍNEAS ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS, AEROLÍNEAS