Thesis Análisis de los hechos y tendencias que determinaron el resultado del plebiscito constitucional de 2022, mediante periodismo de datos
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Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Informática
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
A partir del año 2020, Chile vivió una gran cantidad de procesos eleccionarios, siendo los más importantes el plebiscito constitucional de 2020, las elecciones presidenciales del 2021 y, finalmente, el plebiscito constitucional de 2022. Con la victoria contundente del Apruebo en 2020 y el triunfo de Gabriel Boric en 2021, era razonable asumir que una tendencia parecida iba a darse en el 2022. Sin embargo, el Rechazo logró doblegar al Apruebo con un 62 % de las votos, una diferencia que nadie logró prever. Este trabajo buscará encontrar aquellos hechos y tendencias que llevaron a este sorpresivo resultado mediante el periodismo de datos, una disciplina que incorpora conceptos del periodismo y la informática para generar un panorama más amplio en el estudio sobre temas sociales. Así, será necesaria la creación de una fuente de datos utilizando web scraping en Twitter para su posterior análisis, realizando procesamiento de texto y análisis de sentimiento a través de machine learning, con el fin de poder identificar los tópicos más recurrentes en el debate constitucional, la percepción de los votantes respecto a éstos y los personajes que lograron influenciar a una mayor cantidad de votantes con sus declaraciones.
From the year 2020 onwards, Chile experienced a significant number of electoral processes, with the most notable being the constitutional plebiscite of 2020, the presidential elections of 2021, and finally, the constitutional plebiscite of 2022. With the resounding win of “Apruebo” in 2020 and Gabriel Boric’s triumph in 2021, it was reasonable to assume a similar trend in 2022. However, “Rechazo” managed to overcome “Apruebo” with 62 % of the votes, a difference that no one foresaw. This work aims to identify the events and trends that led to this surprising outcome through data journalism, a discipline that incorporates concepts from journalism and computer science to provide a broader perspective in the study of social issues. Thus, the creation of a data source using web scraping on Twitter will be necessary for subsequent analysis. This analysis will involve text processing and sentiment analysis through machine learning to identify the most recurring topics in the constitutional debate, the voters’ perception of these topics, and the personalities who successfully influenced a greater number of voters with their statements.
From the year 2020 onwards, Chile experienced a significant number of electoral processes, with the most notable being the constitutional plebiscite of 2020, the presidential elections of 2021, and finally, the constitutional plebiscite of 2022. With the resounding win of “Apruebo” in 2020 and Gabriel Boric’s triumph in 2021, it was reasonable to assume a similar trend in 2022. However, “Rechazo” managed to overcome “Apruebo” with 62 % of the votes, a difference that no one foresaw. This work aims to identify the events and trends that led to this surprising outcome through data journalism, a discipline that incorporates concepts from journalism and computer science to provide a broader perspective in the study of social issues. Thus, the creation of a data source using web scraping on Twitter will be necessary for subsequent analysis. This analysis will involve text processing and sentiment analysis through machine learning to identify the most recurring topics in the constitutional debate, the voters’ perception of these topics, and the personalities who successfully influenced a greater number of voters with their statements.
Description
Keywords
Plebiscito constitucional, Periodismo de datos, Web scraping
