Thesis El impacto de los movimientos sociales en la elección de carreras STEM por mujeres en Chile (2015-2025)
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Date
2026-03
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre el clima sociocultural feminista y la evolución de la matrícula femenina en carreras STEM en Chile durante el período 2015–2025, mediante un diseño cuantitativo longitudinal basado en series temporales. Se construyó un índice compuesto de sensibilidad pública hacia el feminismo a partir de encuestas nacionales de opinión pública y se integraron variables de control macroeconómicas e institucionales, incluyendo brecha salarial y PIB per cápita. La base de datos final consideró once observaciones anuales. El análisis se realizó mediante un Modelo de Regresión Lineal Múltiple (MCO). El modelo base incorporó seis variables explicativas y fue sometido a pruebas de diagnóstico, detectándose colinealidad severa en dos de ellas (VIF > 10), lo que motivó su exclusión en la especificación final. El modelo ajustado incluyó cuatro predictores, presentó un R² de 0.7314 (R² ajustado = 0.5523) y la prueba F indicó significancia global al 10% (p = 0.0619). El coeficiente asociado al índice compuesto fue negativo (β = −0.0735) y marginalmente significativo al 10%. Las variables de control no resultaron estadísticamente significativas. Las pruebas de diagnóstico mostraron autocorrelación positiva de primer orden (Durbin–Watson = 1,38) y no normalidad de los residuos (p = 0,0448). Aunque no se detectó heterocedasticidad mediante el test de White (p = 0,3575), el modelo se estimó con errores estándar robustos de Newey–West (lag 1) para corregir autocorrelación y no normalidad. Bajo la corrección Newey–West, se alcanzó significancia global al 5% (p = 0.0144). El índice de sensibilidad pública hacia el feminismo resultó estadísticamente significativo (β = −0.0735; p = 0.011), manteniendo signo negativo. Las demás variables continuaron sin alcanzar significancia estadística. Como análisis complementario de robustez temporal, se estimaron(...).
This study analyzes the relationship between the feminist sociocultural climate and the evolution of female enrollment in STEM programs in Chile during the 2015–2025 period through a longitudinal quantitative design based on time series data. A composite index of public sensitivity toward feminism was constructed using national public opinion surveys, and macroeconomic and institutional control variables were incorporated, including the gender wage gap and GDP per capita. The final dataset comprised eleven annual observations. The analysis was conducted using a Multiple Linear Regression Model (OLS). The baseline model included six explanatory variables and was subjected to diagnostic tests, which detected severe multicollinearity in two of them (VIF > 10), leading to their exclusion from the final specification. The adjusted model included four predictors, yielded an 𝑅2 of 0.7314 (adjusted 𝑅2 = 0.5523), and the F-test indicated overall significance at the 10% level (p = 0.0619). The coefficient associated with the composite index was negative (β = −0.0735) and marginally significant at the 10% level. Control variables were not statistically significant. Diagnostic tests revealed positive first-order autocorrelation (Durbin–Watson = 1.38) and non-normal residuals (p = 0.0448). Although no heteroskedasticity was detected using the White test (p = 0.3575), the model was estimated with Newey–West robust standard errors (lag 1) to correct for autocorrelation and non-normality. Under the Newey–West correction, overall significance was achieved at the 5% level (p = 0.0144). The public sensitivity toward feminism index became statistically significant (β =−0.0735; p = 0.011), maintaining a negative sign. The remaining variables continued to show no statistical significance. As a complementary temporal robustness analysis(...).,
This study analyzes the relationship between the feminist sociocultural climate and the evolution of female enrollment in STEM programs in Chile during the 2015–2025 period through a longitudinal quantitative design based on time series data. A composite index of public sensitivity toward feminism was constructed using national public opinion surveys, and macroeconomic and institutional control variables were incorporated, including the gender wage gap and GDP per capita. The final dataset comprised eleven annual observations. The analysis was conducted using a Multiple Linear Regression Model (OLS). The baseline model included six explanatory variables and was subjected to diagnostic tests, which detected severe multicollinearity in two of them (VIF > 10), leading to their exclusion from the final specification. The adjusted model included four predictors, yielded an 𝑅2 of 0.7314 (adjusted 𝑅2 = 0.5523), and the F-test indicated overall significance at the 10% level (p = 0.0619). The coefficient associated with the composite index was negative (β = −0.0735) and marginally significant at the 10% level. Control variables were not statistically significant. Diagnostic tests revealed positive first-order autocorrelation (Durbin–Watson = 1.38) and non-normal residuals (p = 0.0448). Although no heteroskedasticity was detected using the White test (p = 0.3575), the model was estimated with Newey–West robust standard errors (lag 1) to correct for autocorrelation and non-normality. Under the Newey–West correction, overall significance was achieved at the 5% level (p = 0.0144). The public sensitivity toward feminism index became statistically significant (β =−0.0735; p = 0.011), maintaining a negative sign. The remaining variables continued to show no statistical significance. As a complementary temporal robustness analysis(...).,
Description
Keywords
Educación superior, STEM (Ciencia - Tecnología - Ingeniería y Matemáticas), Elección vocacional, Brecha de género, Movimiento feminista, Clima sociocultural feminista, Educación no sexista
