Thesis ESTUDIO EXPERIMENTAL DEL EFECTO DE EXTRACTO DE QUEBRACHO EN LA FLOTACIÓN DE UN MINERAL DE COBRE CALCOPIRITICO
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En el presente trabajo de tesis se realizó un estudio experimental, a nivel de laboratorio, del efecto de un reactivo orgánico denominado extracto de Quebracho, proveniente del árbol de quebracho, en la flotación de un mineral calcopiritico, y su capacidad como depresor selectivo de la pirita (FeS2).Los yacimientos de cobre porfíricos, en su gran mayoría, están conformados por sulfuros (CuFeS2, Cu2S, CuS, Cu5FeS4, Cu3AsS3) y minerales de ganga como pirita (FeS2) y silicatos. En las plantas concentradoras, se utiliza la cal (CaO) principalmente para alcalinizar la pulpa, lo cual reduce la flotabilidad de la pirita, disminuyendo su recuperación en el concentrado. Para poder lograr la separación de los minerales de ganga de la calcopirita, el proceso de flotación se realiza a pH sobre 10.5. Esto provoca que el consumo de cal sea elevado, sobre 1,6 [kg/t], induciendo en costos excesivos de este reactivo en las plantas concentradoras.Trabajos reportados en la literatura indican que con la adición de extracto de quebracho se requieren bajos niveles de alcalinidad para lograr el efecto depresor sobre la pirita (FeS2) y por tanto en el proceso, se podría reducir el consumo de cal (CaO) manteniendo la recuperación de calcopirita.Los experimentos realizados en el laboratorio, tuvieron como objetivo analizar el efecto del extracto de quebracho modificando, la concentración de este reactivo, el pH de la pulpa y el tamaño de partícula (P80). Para esto, en primera instancia, se realizó una preparación del mineral, mediante molienda seca, para obtener el tamaño necesario de flotación (P80) de 190 [µm]. Posteriormente se realizaron ensayos de flotación rougher, en sistema batch, donde se determinó las condiciones óptimas de flotación de velocidad de agitación y Jg, en las cuales se obtuvo una recuperación máxima de cobre de 90,7% a 700 [RPM] y Jg de 1,5 [cms-1]. En las pruebas de flotación en las cuales se utilizó el extracto de quebracho a distintas concentraciones, los resultados mostraron una condición optima de 150 [gt-1], con una recuperación de cobre 59% y 21% de hierro. Una vez establecida la concentración de quebracho, se realizaron pruebas de flotaciones variando el pH de 6 a 10, mostrando que la presencia del reactivo mejora las leyes de cobre en el concentrado en un 2% y disminuye las leyes de hierro en un 3% en todo el rango de pH estudiado y se establece la mejor condición a pH 10. Para las pruebas de flotación realizadas variando el tamaño de partícula, se obtuvo una recuperación de cobre de 72,6% a un P80 de 170 [µm], lo cual significó un aumento de 13,6% con respecto a la flotación de 190 [µm].Con estos resultados, se establece que el reactivo extracto de quebracho es un efectivo depresante de pirita en un rango de pH entre 6 a 10, siendo pH 10, la condición en la cual se obtienen mejores indicadores metalúrgicos, sin embargo, la presencia de este reactivo genera disminuciones en la recuperación de cobre.Para finalizar se recomienda, para investigaciones futuras, realizar estudios con colectores con un buen desempeño a pH acido, y complementar los resultados mediante análisis de solidos de los concentrados y relaves.
In this thesis, an experimental study was carried out, at the laboratory level, of the effect of an organic reagent called quebracho extract, from the quebracho tree, in the flotation of a calcopyritic mineral, and its capacity as a selective depressant of the pyrite (FeS2).The porphyric copper deposits, for the most part, are made up of sulfides (CuFeS2, Cu2S, CuS, Cu5FeS4, Cu3AsS3) and gangue minerals such as pyrite (FeS2) and silicates. In the concentrator plants, lime (CaO) is used mainly to alkalize the pulp, which reduces the floatability of the pyrite, reducing its recovery in the concentrate. In order to achieve the separation of the minerals from the gangue, the flotation process is carried out at pH above 10.5. This causes that the consumption of lime is high, about 1.6 [kgt-1], inducing excessive costs of this reagent in the concentrator plants.The literature indicate that with the addition of quebracho extract, low levels of alkalinity are required to achieve the depressant effect on pyrite (FeS2) and therefore in the process, the consumption of lime (CaO) could be reduced maintaining the recovery of chalcopyrite.The objectives of the experiments carried out in the laboratory were to analyze the effect of the quebracho extract by modifying the concentration of this reagent, the pH of the pulp and the particle size (P80). For this, in the first instance, a mineral preparation was carried out, using dry grinding, to obtain the necessary size of flotation (P80) of 190 [µm]. Subsequently, rougher flotation tests were carried out, in batch system, to determine the optimal conditions of agitation speed and superficial speed, in which a maximum copper recovery of 90.7% at 700 [RPM] and Jg of 1.5 [cms-1] was obtained. In the flotation tests in which quebracho extract was used at different concentrations, the results showed an optimum condition of 150 [g/t], with a recovery of 59% copper and 21% iron. Once the quebracho concentration was established, flotation tests were performed varying the pH from 6 to 10, showing that the presence of the reagent improves the copper grades in the concentrate by 2% and decreases the iron grades by 3% in all the pH range studied and the best condition is established at pH 10. For the flotation tests carried out varying the particle size, a copper recovery of 72.6% was obtained at a P80 of 170 [µm], which it meant an increase of 13.6% with respect to the flotation at 190 [µm].With these results, it is established that the quebracho extract is an effective pyrite depressant in a pH range between 6 to 10, being pH 10, the condition in which better metallurgical indicators are obtained, however, the presence of this reagent generates decreases in copper recovery.To finalize it is recommended, for future investigations, to carry out studies with collectors with a good performance at acid pH, and to complement the results using solid analysis of the concentrates and tailings.
In this thesis, an experimental study was carried out, at the laboratory level, of the effect of an organic reagent called quebracho extract, from the quebracho tree, in the flotation of a calcopyritic mineral, and its capacity as a selective depressant of the pyrite (FeS2).The porphyric copper deposits, for the most part, are made up of sulfides (CuFeS2, Cu2S, CuS, Cu5FeS4, Cu3AsS3) and gangue minerals such as pyrite (FeS2) and silicates. In the concentrator plants, lime (CaO) is used mainly to alkalize the pulp, which reduces the floatability of the pyrite, reducing its recovery in the concentrate. In order to achieve the separation of the minerals from the gangue, the flotation process is carried out at pH above 10.5. This causes that the consumption of lime is high, about 1.6 [kgt-1], inducing excessive costs of this reagent in the concentrator plants.The literature indicate that with the addition of quebracho extract, low levels of alkalinity are required to achieve the depressant effect on pyrite (FeS2) and therefore in the process, the consumption of lime (CaO) could be reduced maintaining the recovery of chalcopyrite.The objectives of the experiments carried out in the laboratory were to analyze the effect of the quebracho extract by modifying the concentration of this reagent, the pH of the pulp and the particle size (P80). For this, in the first instance, a mineral preparation was carried out, using dry grinding, to obtain the necessary size of flotation (P80) of 190 [µm]. Subsequently, rougher flotation tests were carried out, in batch system, to determine the optimal conditions of agitation speed and superficial speed, in which a maximum copper recovery of 90.7% at 700 [RPM] and Jg of 1.5 [cms-1] was obtained. In the flotation tests in which quebracho extract was used at different concentrations, the results showed an optimum condition of 150 [g/t], with a recovery of 59% copper and 21% iron. Once the quebracho concentration was established, flotation tests were performed varying the pH from 6 to 10, showing that the presence of the reagent improves the copper grades in the concentrate by 2% and decreases the iron grades by 3% in all the pH range studied and the best condition is established at pH 10. For the flotation tests carried out varying the particle size, a copper recovery of 72.6% was obtained at a P80 of 170 [µm], which it meant an increase of 13.6% with respect to the flotation at 190 [µm].With these results, it is established that the quebracho extract is an effective pyrite depressant in a pH range between 6 to 10, being pH 10, the condition in which better metallurgical indicators are obtained, however, the presence of this reagent generates decreases in copper recovery.To finalize it is recommended, for future investigations, to carry out studies with collectors with a good performance at acid pH, and to complement the results using solid analysis of the concentrates and tailings.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
COBRE CALCOPIRITICO, EXTRACTO DE QUEBRACHO, FLOTACION