Thesis AEROPUERTOS INTELIGENTES Y SU IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE SERVICIO PERCIBIDA POR LOS PASAJEROS
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Date
2018-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
El crecimiento del tráfico de pasajeros a nivel mundial, con una tasa de crecimiento promedio del 5,5% anual, junto con la permanente amenaza terrorista, han exigido a los aeropuertos someterse a constantes mejoras, lo que ha creado un mercado fértil para la implementación de tecnologías inteligentes, con el fin de mejorar la eficiencia y la seguridad de sus procesos.
El objetivo de la presente memoria es desarrollar un análisis del impacto de los aeropuertos inteligentes en la calidad de servicio percibida por los pasajeros, específicamente en los procesos de: check-in, control de seguridad, control migratorio y embarque.
Para cumplir los objetivos, se realizó en primer lugar una investigación teórica para identificar y describir las principales soluciones tecnológicas que han sido implementadas en los aeropuertos. En segundo lugar, para la medición de la calidad de servicio percibida por los pasajeros en aeropuertos inteligentes, se realizó una encuesta utilizando como referencia el modelo SERVPERF, considerando las dimensiones de: fiabilidad, seguridad, tangibilidad, capacidad de respuesta y empatía. Posteriormente, se analizó la tendencia en implementación de tecnologías inteligentes en los aeropuertos a nivel mundial, considerando montos y prioridades al momento de invertir, a partir de los estudios realizados por SITA.
El cuestionario confeccionado para esta investigación estuvo compuesto por 30 preguntas, y la población objetivo que se definió fue de personas mayores de 18 años que hayan realizado, al menos, un viaje en avión. Para el levantamiento de datos se aplicó la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, donde el tamaño de la muestra fue de 136 casos. De las personas encuestadas, la mayoría realizó su último viaje en avión en 2018 (66,4%), mientras que el rango de edad de gran parte de los encuestados estuvo entre 46-60 años (39%), en segundo lugar, personas entre 18-29 años (29,4%), seguido por personas entre 30-45 años (16,9%) y finalmente mayores de 60 años (14,7%).
Las soluciones tecnológicas más utilizadas por los pasajeros son: kioscos de check-in (80,1%), escáner de seguridad de cuerpo completo (66,9%) y aplicaciones móviles (52,9%). Mientras que las menos utilizadas corresponden a: puertas de embarque electrónicas (40,4%), facturación de equipaje autoservicio (38,2%) y puertas de migración electrónicas (34,6%).
Los pasajeros perciben la calidad de servicio brindada por lo aeropuertos inteligentes con un alto nivel de calidad (3,72), considerando una escala de medición de 1 a 5, siendo la seguridad la dimensión mejor valorada (4,01) y la peor evaluada la empatía (3,43). Pese a lo anterior, los estudios de correlación demuestran que las dos dimensiones que generan un mayor impacto en la percepción de calidad corresponden a la fiabilidad y la capacidad de respuesta. Por otro lado, fue posible determinar que las características personales de los pasajeros no influyen en cómo perciben la calidad de servicio en un aeropuerto inteligente.
El análisis de la tendencia en implementación de TI en aeropuertos a nivel mundial, a partir de los estudios realizados por SITA (SITA Airport IT Trends Survey), demuestra que las áreas de mayor prioridad para los aeropuertos son: el procesamiento de pasajeros, la seguridad y las operaciones. Donde la tendencia en implementación de tecnologías para el procesamiento de pasajeros se basa principalmente en tecnologías de autoservicio, que permite que el pasajero pueda realizar casi la totalidad de los procesos aeroportuarios, exceptuando el control de seguridad, sin la necesidad de interactuar con el personal, ya sea del aeropuerto o de la aerolínea. Por otro lado, los montos de inversión en TI crecen cada año, a una tasa promedio del 4,7% anual, alcanzando un presupuesto de 9.53 billones de dólares en 2017.
Si bien los aeropuertos inteligentes, desde la perspectiva de los pasajeros, son valorados con un alto nivel de calidad, existe una brecha que sugiere que todos los aspectos pueden ser mejorados, y así lo perciben los aeropuertos, quienes año tras año aumentan los montos de inversión en TI, haciendo de la innovación tecnológica un proceso de mejora continua, el cual se debe realizar a partir de las necesidades propias de cada aeropuerto, y en base a ellas, definir los objetivos y planes de mejora, para posteriormente, llevar a cabo el plan de acción, mediante la implementación de las soluciones tecnológicas más apropiadas para mejorar las necesidades identificadas, comenzando con pruebas pilotos para que sea un cambio transitorio. Luego, se deben realizar evaluaciones de calidad, para comprobar los resultados de las medidas adoptadas, y finalmente, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, realizar los ajustes correspondientes o implementar los cambios de forma definitiva, con el objetivo de aumentar la satisfacción de la experiencia de viaje de los pasajeros.
Passengers traffic growth worldwide, with an annual average rate of growth of 5.5%, besides permanent terrorism thread, have demanded airports to be under a constant development, and an optimum market has been created for the implementation of smart technologies, with the aim of improving efficiency of their processes. The objective of this thesis is to develop an analysis of impact from smart airports in the quality of service perceived by passengers, specifically in the processes of: check-in, security control, migration control and boarding. To achieve these objectives, first a theorical search took place for identifying and describing the principal technological solutions that have been implemented in airports. Secondly, to measure the quality of service perceived by passengers in smart airports, a survey was developed using as reference the model SERVPERF, considering categories of: reliability, security, tangible elements, answer capacity and empathy. Later, tendency in implementation of smart technologies was analysed in airports worldwide, considering amounts and priorities of airports at the time of investing, from studies made by SITA. The ready-made questionnaire for this search was compound by 30 questions, the target population that was defined was people over 18 years of age, who have made at least one trip by plane. For data collection, the non-probabilistic sampling technique for convenience was applied, where the sample size was 136 cases. Most of the people surveyed made their last plane trip in 2018 (66.4%), while the age rate of a large part of the respondents was between 46-60 years (39%); on the second place, people between 18-29 years (29.4%), followed by people between 30-45 years (16.9%), finally people older than 60 years (14.7%). Technological solutions more used by passengers are: self-check-in kiosk (81.1%), wholebody imaging machines (66.9%) and mobile apps (52.9%). Meanwhile, the less used belong to: boarding e-gates (40.4%), self-bag drop (38.2%) and migration e-gates (34.6%). Passengers perceive the quality of service given by smart airports with a high level of quality (3,72), considering a scale of measurement from 1 to 5, being security the best rated (4,01) and empathy the worst rated (3,43). In spite of the fact, the correlation studies show that two dimensions that generated a higher impact in perception of quality belong to reliability and answer capacity. On the other hand, it was possible to determine that personal characteristics of passengers do not interfere in how they perceive the quality in a smart airport. The analysis of tendency in implementation of IT in airports worldwide, from the studies done by SITA (SITA Airport IT Trends Survey), shows that considered areas of higher priority by airports are: passenger processing, security and airport operations. Where tendency in implementation of technology for the processing of passengers, mainly based on self-service, means that passengers can perform almost the whole airport processing, except security control, without interacting with the airport or airline staff. On the other hand, the investment amount in IT grows every year, to an annual average rate of 4.7%, reaching budget of 9.53 billion dollars in 2017. While smart airports, from passenger perspective are valuable with a high level of quality, there is a gap that suggests that all aspects can be improved, and airports perceive it, who year by year increase the amounts of investment in IT, making technological innovation a process of continuous improvement, which must be accomplished according to each airport needs. Based on these needs, objectives are defined, and plans are improved, then a plan of action is carried out by implementing more appropriate technological solutions to improve the identified needs, starting by pilot tests to a transitory change. Afterwards, quality evaluations must be achieved to compare results from adopted measures. Finally, in relation to obtain results, corresponding adjustments must be made or implement definite changes whose objective must be to increase the satisfaction of passengers’ travel experience.
Passengers traffic growth worldwide, with an annual average rate of growth of 5.5%, besides permanent terrorism thread, have demanded airports to be under a constant development, and an optimum market has been created for the implementation of smart technologies, with the aim of improving efficiency of their processes. The objective of this thesis is to develop an analysis of impact from smart airports in the quality of service perceived by passengers, specifically in the processes of: check-in, security control, migration control and boarding. To achieve these objectives, first a theorical search took place for identifying and describing the principal technological solutions that have been implemented in airports. Secondly, to measure the quality of service perceived by passengers in smart airports, a survey was developed using as reference the model SERVPERF, considering categories of: reliability, security, tangible elements, answer capacity and empathy. Later, tendency in implementation of smart technologies was analysed in airports worldwide, considering amounts and priorities of airports at the time of investing, from studies made by SITA. The ready-made questionnaire for this search was compound by 30 questions, the target population that was defined was people over 18 years of age, who have made at least one trip by plane. For data collection, the non-probabilistic sampling technique for convenience was applied, where the sample size was 136 cases. Most of the people surveyed made their last plane trip in 2018 (66.4%), while the age rate of a large part of the respondents was between 46-60 years (39%); on the second place, people between 18-29 years (29.4%), followed by people between 30-45 years (16.9%), finally people older than 60 years (14.7%). Technological solutions more used by passengers are: self-check-in kiosk (81.1%), wholebody imaging machines (66.9%) and mobile apps (52.9%). Meanwhile, the less used belong to: boarding e-gates (40.4%), self-bag drop (38.2%) and migration e-gates (34.6%). Passengers perceive the quality of service given by smart airports with a high level of quality (3,72), considering a scale of measurement from 1 to 5, being security the best rated (4,01) and empathy the worst rated (3,43). In spite of the fact, the correlation studies show that two dimensions that generated a higher impact in perception of quality belong to reliability and answer capacity. On the other hand, it was possible to determine that personal characteristics of passengers do not interfere in how they perceive the quality in a smart airport. The analysis of tendency in implementation of IT in airports worldwide, from the studies done by SITA (SITA Airport IT Trends Survey), shows that considered areas of higher priority by airports are: passenger processing, security and airport operations. Where tendency in implementation of technology for the processing of passengers, mainly based on self-service, means that passengers can perform almost the whole airport processing, except security control, without interacting with the airport or airline staff. On the other hand, the investment amount in IT grows every year, to an annual average rate of 4.7%, reaching budget of 9.53 billion dollars in 2017. While smart airports, from passenger perspective are valuable with a high level of quality, there is a gap that suggests that all aspects can be improved, and airports perceive it, who year by year increase the amounts of investment in IT, making technological innovation a process of continuous improvement, which must be accomplished according to each airport needs. Based on these needs, objectives are defined, and plans are improved, then a plan of action is carried out by implementing more appropriate technological solutions to improve the identified needs, starting by pilot tests to a transitory change. Afterwards, quality evaluations must be achieved to compare results from adopted measures. Finally, in relation to obtain results, corresponding adjustments must be made or implement definite changes whose objective must be to increase the satisfaction of passengers’ travel experience.
Description
Keywords
COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CONSUMIDOR, AEROPUERTOS, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS