Thesis DESARROLLO DE UN MÉTODO NUMÉRICO DE HOMOGENEIZACIÓN PARA MAMPOSTERÍA BASADO EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO DE BANDAS EXTENSOMÉTRICAS Y EL MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS
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Date
2016
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En la actualidad no existe un método de homogeneización de materiales compuestos aplicado a la mampostería el cual tenga una correcta aproximación del comportamiento del ladrillo y del mortero, para esto se propone desarrollar una nueva metodología para poder obtener un módulo de elasticidad homogeneizado para elementos compuestos de dos materiales que presenten un comportamiento ortotrópico, es decir, tengan propiedades diferentes en las direcciones X e Y.Para esto se desarrolla una metodología basada en promedios de esfuerzos y deformaciones a lo largo de bandas extensométricas (strain gages) modeladas mediante el software computacional ANSYS. Esto toma en cuenta las propiedades de los materiales en ambas direcciones, la teoría de la elasticidad y la Ley de Hooke. Con esto es posible obtener los valores de las constantes elásticas en las direcciones deseadas de manera rápida dentro del rango lineal de los materiales.Como aplicación práctica se realiza un modelo de un muro de ladrillos unidos por mortero en el software ANSYS, a través del cual los valores de deformación y esfuerzos son obtenidos mediante una simulación de bandas extensométricas orientadas en diferentes direcciones. Estos resultados son aplicados a la metodología propuestas para posteriormente obtener los módulos elásticos homogeneizados en direcciones X e Y.Finalmente, estos resultados son comparados con los valores entregados por diferentes autores de manera teórica y experimental, como también lo propuesto por la normativa chilena en relación a la albañilería confinada y armada. De esta manera, es posible obtener ambos módulos elásticos de una manera eficaz y con una buena aproximación a la realidad.
In the actuallity there is not a homogeneization method of composite materials applied to the masonry that have a correct aproximation of the behaviour of the bricks and the mortar, for this reason it is developed a new methodology to obtain an homogenized elasticity module for elements composed of two materials that present an orthotropic behavior, i.e., they present differents properties in the X and Y directions.For this, a methodology based in average deformations and stresses was developed in Strains gages modeled in the software ANSYS. This methodology uses the properties of the materials en both directions, the elasticity theory and the Hooke’s law. With this it is posible to obtain the values of the elastic constants en the wanted directions in a quick way inside the lineal range of the materials.As a practice aplication a model of a Wall of bricks joined with mortar will be made in the software ANSYS, with this, the values of deformation and stress will be obtained with a strain gages simulation oriented in differents directions. These results will be put in the proposed methodology and then the homogenized elastic modules will be obtained for the X and Y directions.Finally, these results will be compared with the values given by diferents authors in a experimental and theoretical way, as also the proposed by the chilean norm. By this way, it is posible to obtain both modules in a fast way an with a good aproximation to the reality.
In the actuallity there is not a homogeneization method of composite materials applied to the masonry that have a correct aproximation of the behaviour of the bricks and the mortar, for this reason it is developed a new methodology to obtain an homogenized elasticity module for elements composed of two materials that present an orthotropic behavior, i.e., they present differents properties in the X and Y directions.For this, a methodology based in average deformations and stresses was developed in Strains gages modeled in the software ANSYS. This methodology uses the properties of the materials en both directions, the elasticity theory and the Hooke’s law. With this it is posible to obtain the values of the elastic constants en the wanted directions in a quick way inside the lineal range of the materials.As a practice aplication a model of a Wall of bricks joined with mortar will be made in the software ANSYS, with this, the values of deformation and stress will be obtained with a strain gages simulation oriented in differents directions. These results will be put in the proposed methodology and then the homogenized elastic modules will be obtained for the X and Y directions.Finally, these results will be compared with the values given by diferents authors in a experimental and theoretical way, as also the proposed by the chilean norm. By this way, it is posible to obtain both modules in a fast way an with a good aproximation to the reality.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BANDAS EXTENSOMETRICAS, HOMOGENEIZACION, MAMPOSTERIA, METODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS