Thesis Mejora en tiempos de ciclo de camiones utilizando simulación estocástica
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Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil de Minas
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
En la minería cielo abierto una de las actividades más relevantes es el transporte, debido a su impacto significativo en el tiempo total empleado y en el costo total del proceso minero.
El problema identificado en la faena en estudio se centra en la congestión y en los tiempos de ciclo elevados que afectan la eficiencia del transporte de material, incrementando los costos y reduciendo la productividad. Por lo tanto, la propuesta de trabajo de esta memoria consiste en la utilización del simulador estocástico de HaulSim para modelar y optimizar el proceso de transporte dentro de la mina, con el objetivo de reducir los tiempos de ciclo.
La metodología empleada incluyó la recopilación y análisis de datos reales provenientes de una mina rajo abierto. Estos datos incluyen información sobre los tiempos de ciclo reales, las rutas y la distribución de los equipos de carguío y transporte. Tras la construcción del modelo digital de la mina en HaulSim, se lleva a cabo una simulación inicial que permite identificar los principales problemas de congestión que impactan en los tiempos de ciclo. A partir de estos hallazgos, se propusieron estrategias de mejora, tales como la reducción del número de camiones en ciertas fases y la reconfiguración de rutas. Cada una de las mejoras fue implementada y evaluada en la simulación, cuyos resultados demostraron que las mejoras propuestas lograron reducir los tiempos de ciclo estocásticos. Las fases que mostraron mayores reducciones en los tiempos de ciclo fueron: fase 5 con una disminución de 15,3 min, fase 6 con 6,4 min, fase 1 con 3,9 min y fase 2 con 3 min, lo que condujo a un aumento de la productividad de estas fases en 13,34 ktpd. Considerando todas las fases se tiene que la productividad aumentó 23,0 ktpd lo que corresponde a una diferencia relativa del 3% con respecto a la situación inicial.
In open pit mining, one of the most relevant activities is transportation, due to its significant impact on the total time spent and the total cost of the mining process. The problem identified at the site under study focuses on congestion and high cycle times that affect the efficiency of material transport, increasing costs and reducing productivity. Therefore, the work proposal of this report consists of using the HaulSim stochastic simulator to model and optimize the transportation process within the mine, with the objective of reducing cycle times. The methodology employed included the collection and analysis of real data from an open pit mine. This data included information on actual cycle times, routes and distribution of loading and haulage equipment. After building the digital model of the mine in HaulSim, an initial simulation is carried out to identify the main congestion issues impacting cycle times. Based on these findings, improvement strategies were proposed, such as reducing the number of trucks in certain phases and reconfiguring routes. Each of the improvements was implemented and evaluated in the simulation, the results of which showed that the proposed improvements were successful in reducing stochastic cycle times. The phases that showed the greatest reductions in cycle times were: phase 5 with a decrease of 15.3 min, phase 6 with 6.4 min, phase 1 with 3.9 min and phase 2 with 3 min, which led to an increase in the productivity of these phases by 13.34 ktpd. Considering all phases, productivity increased by 23.0 ktpd, which corresponds to a relative difference of 3% with respect to the initial situation.
In open pit mining, one of the most relevant activities is transportation, due to its significant impact on the total time spent and the total cost of the mining process. The problem identified at the site under study focuses on congestion and high cycle times that affect the efficiency of material transport, increasing costs and reducing productivity. Therefore, the work proposal of this report consists of using the HaulSim stochastic simulator to model and optimize the transportation process within the mine, with the objective of reducing cycle times. The methodology employed included the collection and analysis of real data from an open pit mine. This data included information on actual cycle times, routes and distribution of loading and haulage equipment. After building the digital model of the mine in HaulSim, an initial simulation is carried out to identify the main congestion issues impacting cycle times. Based on these findings, improvement strategies were proposed, such as reducing the number of trucks in certain phases and reconfiguring routes. Each of the improvements was implemented and evaluated in the simulation, the results of which showed that the proposed improvements were successful in reducing stochastic cycle times. The phases that showed the greatest reductions in cycle times were: phase 5 with a decrease of 15.3 min, phase 6 with 6.4 min, phase 1 with 3.9 min and phase 2 with 3 min, which led to an increase in the productivity of these phases by 13.34 ktpd. Considering all phases, productivity increased by 23.0 ktpd, which corresponds to a relative difference of 3% with respect to the initial situation.
Description
Keywords
Simulación, Tiempos de ciclos, Optimización de procesos