Thesis ESTADO DEL ARTE DE LA LEGISLACIÓN AMBIENTAL INTERNACIONAL, REFERENTE A LA EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL QUE BENEFICIE EL MODELO DE PRODUCCIÓN DISTRIBUIDA
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La Producción Distribuida es una estrategia de planificación de gestión territorial, contrapuesto a la economía de escala, donde se busca satisfacer las necesidades económicas de un área geográfica determinada, a través de la instalación de plantas productivas de baja escala. Antiguamente esto no era factible ya que los costos fijos eran elevados, sin embargo, la tecnología actual permite disminuirlos, permitiendo la consideración de este modelo. Entre los costos fijos, que hacen poco factible el modelo de Producción Distribuida, destaca la evaluación de impacto ambiental, ya que es una elevada inversión en tiempo y dinero, por lo que evitar esto, a través de producción a baja escala, sería lo óptimo. Sin embargo, actualmente en Chile los proyectos comprendidos en los artículos 10 y 11 de la ley 19.300 deben someterse a evaluación de impacto ambiental, ya sea con una declaración de impacto ambiental o un estudio de impacto ambiental, indistintamente de su volumen de producción.Este proyecto hace una revisión de la normativa ambiental a nivel internacional. Se busca encontrar países referentes con una normativa que, por su estructura, permita la producción a baja escala sin la necesidad de realizar una evaluación de impacto ambiental, minimizando la inversión de tiempo y dinero enfocados a tramitación legal. Para esto se estudió la normativa ambiental de 15 países de América, Asia y Europa, además de la normativa general de la Comunidad Europea, clasificándolos según su nivel de especificidad en la legislación, respecto a los proyectos que requieren evaluación de impacto ambiental. Por último se seleccionó a Alemania, España, Finlandia y Reino Unido como los mejores referentes, siendo Alemania el principal.Finalmente se confecciono una tabla que condensa el listado de proyectos y limites productivos que requieren los países seleccionados. La tabla lista 194 tipos de proyectos clasificados en 20 grupos, mostrando los límites que requiere cada país, en caso de hacerlo. La selección de estos países, por su grado de especificidad y gran numero considerado de proyectos, permitirá actuar como referencia al momento de modificar y adaptar la legislación chilena.
Distributed production is a planification strategy of territorial management, opposed to the economy of scale, which aims to satisfy the economic needs of a determined geographic area, through the installation of low scale of productive plants. Formerly, this was not possible due to elevated fixed costs, however, present day technology allows a dampening of these costs, allowing this model to be considered. Among the fixed costs, which make the distributed production model impractical, the environmental impact assessment stands out, due to the high investment of time and money, hence, avoiding this through a low scale production would be optimal. However, nowadays in Chile the projects presented in articles 10 and 11 of the law 19.300 require an environmental impact assessment, that is either via environmental impact statement or an environmental impact study, independently of their production volumes.This project does a review of the environmental normative on an international level. The objective is to find referential countries with a normative which, due to its structure, allows for a low scale production without the need of an environmental impact assessment, minimizing the investment of time and money for the legal procedure. To achieve this a study was made of the environmental norms of 15 countries of America, Asia and Europe, with the general normative of the European union, classifying them per the specificity level of their norms, regarding the projects that require environmental impact assessment. Finally, the countries selected as best referent were Germany, Spain, Finland and the United Kingdom, being Germany the main one.Finally, a table was produced which compiles the list of projects and productive limits required by the selected countries. This table lists 194 types of projects grouped out in 20 groups, presenting the limits required by each country, if they do so. The selection of these countries, due to their specificity levels and large number of projects, will allow to act as a reference at the time of doing a modification or adaptation on the Chilean law.
Distributed production is a planification strategy of territorial management, opposed to the economy of scale, which aims to satisfy the economic needs of a determined geographic area, through the installation of low scale of productive plants. Formerly, this was not possible due to elevated fixed costs, however, present day technology allows a dampening of these costs, allowing this model to be considered. Among the fixed costs, which make the distributed production model impractical, the environmental impact assessment stands out, due to the high investment of time and money, hence, avoiding this through a low scale production would be optimal. However, nowadays in Chile the projects presented in articles 10 and 11 of the law 19.300 require an environmental impact assessment, that is either via environmental impact statement or an environmental impact study, independently of their production volumes.This project does a review of the environmental normative on an international level. The objective is to find referential countries with a normative which, due to its structure, allows for a low scale production without the need of an environmental impact assessment, minimizing the investment of time and money for the legal procedure. To achieve this a study was made of the environmental norms of 15 countries of America, Asia and Europe, with the general normative of the European union, classifying them per the specificity level of their norms, regarding the projects that require environmental impact assessment. Finally, the countries selected as best referent were Germany, Spain, Finland and the United Kingdom, being Germany the main one.Finally, a table was produced which compiles the list of projects and productive limits required by the selected countries. This table lists 194 types of projects grouped out in 20 groups, presenting the limits required by each country, if they do so. The selection of these countries, due to their specificity levels and large number of projects, will allow to act as a reference at the time of doing a modification or adaptation on the Chilean law.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
EVALUACION DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, PRODUCCION A BAJA ESCALA, PRODUCCION DISTRIBUIDA