Thesis Sistema de pensiones en Chile: evolución, diagnóstico y propuestas 2005-2015
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Date
2016-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución del sistema de pensiones en Chile, desde su creación en 1924 bajo un esquema de reparto, pasando por la gran reforma de 1981 que modifica el esquema de ese entonces, hacia uno de capitalización individual, y hasta las últimas reformas que se han efectuado en torno al actual sistema. Se realiza además un análisis del sistema actual, detectando sus principales fortalezas y debilidades, y recogiendo las principales propuestas de mejora durante los últimos diez años, a la vez que se elaboran propuestas de mejora, con el objetivo de entregar un nivel de pensiones acorde al ahorro y calidad de vida del afiliado al momento de su jubilación. Adicionalmente se realiza un análisis comparativo del nivel de pensiones que otorga el sistema actual en Chile, con el nivel de pensiones en el resto del mundo, especialmente en los países de la OCDE. Los resultados muestran una disminución en el nivel de comisiones, un desempeño de inversiones razonable, y una cobertura creciente. Sin embargo, muestran una incapacidad de traducir tales aspectos en los niveles de pensiones que se proyectaron en su implementación y que aún ciertos aspectos no han sido ajustados a las condiciones actuales de la sociedad, como la edad de jubilación. Las propuestas de mejora presentadas, analizadas y de las que se emite una opinión positiva, apuntan hacia un alza en el nivel de las pensiones para niveles de ingresos medios, y se espera que estas propuestas contribuyan al debate en torno al sistema actual de pensiones en Chile.
This paper studies the evolution of the Chilean pension system since its creation in 1924 under a pay-as-you-go system., going through the reform in 1981, which modified the existing scheme to a fully funded one, and including the lately reforms implemented to the system. In the analysis of the current system, the main strengths and weaknesses are picked up together with the most important proposals of the last ten years. Besides, it develops self-proposals according to the system goals, giving pension levels based on the affiliated people’s savings and quality of life at the moment of their retirement. In addition, we find a comparative analysis between the Chilean current system and other systems specifically in OECD countries. Results show a decrease in fees, a reasonable investment performance, and a growing coverage. However, they also show inability to explain those aspects for the pension levels projected in its implementation, and have still aspects not updated according to conditions of the present society, as the age of retirement. The improvement proposals presented and analyzed, of which a positive opinion is given, point to a rise in the pensions of middle income levels, and hope that these proposals contribute to the discussion on the current pension system in Chile.
This paper studies the evolution of the Chilean pension system since its creation in 1924 under a pay-as-you-go system., going through the reform in 1981, which modified the existing scheme to a fully funded one, and including the lately reforms implemented to the system. In the analysis of the current system, the main strengths and weaknesses are picked up together with the most important proposals of the last ten years. Besides, it develops self-proposals according to the system goals, giving pension levels based on the affiliated people’s savings and quality of life at the moment of their retirement. In addition, we find a comparative analysis between the Chilean current system and other systems specifically in OECD countries. Results show a decrease in fees, a reasonable investment performance, and a growing coverage. However, they also show inability to explain those aspects for the pension levels projected in its implementation, and have still aspects not updated according to conditions of the present society, as the age of retirement. The improvement proposals presented and analyzed, of which a positive opinion is given, point to a rise in the pensions of middle income levels, and hope that these proposals contribute to the discussion on the current pension system in Chile.
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Keywords
Sistema de pensiones, Fondos de pensiones, AFP, Reforma previsional
