Thesis Medidas de mitigación de emisiones de transporte para la carbono neutralidad
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Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
El cambio climático es uno de los desafíos más críticos que enfrenta la humanidad en el siglo XXI. La constante emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) está llevando al planeta hacia un aumento sostenido de la temperatura global, provocando alteraciones climáticas severas, pérdida de biodiversidad, eventos extremos y afectaciones sociales y económicas severas. El sector transporte desempeña un papel crucial al ser uno de los mayores contribuyentes de estas emisiones.
Consciente de esta problemática, Chile se ha comprometido a abordar el impacto del transporte mediante políticas públicas e iniciativas internacionales. Ha firmado acuerdos como el Acuerdo de París, que exige reducir emisiones GEI para limitar el calentamiento global por debajo de los 2°C. A nivel local se han implementado medidas contempladas en la Contribución Determinada a Nivel Nacional (NDC), cuyo objetivo incluye una mayor penetración de tecnologías limpias, como la electromovilidad y la promoción de un transporte más sostenible.
Diversos organismos chilenos lideran los esfuerzos para mitigar el impacto ambiental del transporte. El Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, que regula las metas de reducción de emisiones, el Ministerio de Energía que fomenta el uso de vehículos con tecnología limpia y sostenible, el Ministerio de Transporte y Telecomunicaciones que impulsa políticas de cambio modal hacia un transporte público más eficiente, entre otros.
Se realiza una exhaustiva revisión de las distintas estrategias y planes impulsados por los organismos mencionados en los cuales se encuentran el PPDA, ECLP, Estrategia Nacional de Electromovilidad, Estrategia de Instrumentos Económicos, Plan Nacional de Eficiencia Energética 2022-2026, Agenda de Energía 2022-2026, Plan de Mitigación GEI Sector Energía y Plan de Adaptación al Cambio Climático para ciudades 2018-2022. Cada uno con un enfoque especializado y caracterizando las medidas tanto de carácter regulatorio, cultural, tecnológico y de energía.
Dentro de la metodología de la investigación, se utilizó un programa bajo la autoría de Mauricio Jiménez (Ingeniero UTFSM) en su trabajo de título, el cual permitía obtener la data histórica y proyectada de los Factores de emisión, VKT y emisiones totales al año 2050, estableciendo un escenario de referencia para esta investigación. Con la categorización de distintos tipos de vehículos terrestres, se simuló la penetración que debería tener la electromovilidad para cada uno de estos grupos, con el objetivo de alcanzar las metas propuestas por la NDC respecto a la flota de vehículos de tecnología limpia. Para el período pre 2035/2045, vehículos livianos particulares tienen una penetración del 3% anual, buses y taxis de 20% y vehículos de carga 5%. Para el período post 2035/2045 respectivamente serían de 10%, 45% y 37%. Con esto se fija una meta de emisiones de CO2 basada en lo propuesto por la NDC de 15.191.926 toneladas de CO2.
Climate change is one of the most critical challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. The constant emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is driving the planet towards a sustained increase in global temperature, causing severe climatic alterations, loss of biodiversity, extreme events and severe social and economic impacts. The transportation sector plays a crucial role as one of the major contributors to these emissions. Aware of this problem, Chile is committed to addressing the impact of transportation through public policies and international initiatives. It has signed agreements such as the Paris Agreement, which requires reducing GHG emissions in order to limit global warming to below 2°C. At the local level, measures have been implemented under the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), whose objective includes a greater penetration of clean technologies, such as electromobility and the promotion of more sustainable transportation. Several Chilean agencies are leading efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of transportation. The Ministry of the Environment, which regulates emission reduction goals, the Ministry of Energy, which promotes the use of vehicles with clean and sustainable technology, and the Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications, which promotes modal shift policies towards more efficient public transportation, among others. An exhaustive review of the different strategies and plans promoted by the aforementioned organizations, including the PPDA, ECLP, National Electromobility Strategy, Economic Instruments Strategy, National Energy Efficiency Plan 2022-2026, Energy Agenda 2022-2026, GHG Mitigation Plan for the Energy Sector and Climate Change Adaptation Plan for cities 2018-2022, is carried out. Each one with a specialized approach and characterizing the regulatory, cultural, technological and energy measures. Within the research methodology, a program was used under the authorship of Mauricio Jiménez (UTFSM Engineer) in his degree work, which allowed obtaining historical and projected data of the Emission Factors, VKT and total emissions to the year 2050, establishing a reference scenario for this research. With the categorization of different types of land vehicles, the penetration that electromobility should have for each of these groups was simulated, with the objective of reaching the goals proposed by the NDC regarding the fleet of clean technology vehicles. For the pre-2035/2045 period, private light-duty vehicles have a penetration of 3% per year, buses and cabs 20%, and freight vehicles 5%. For the post 2035/2045 period they would be 10%, 45% and 37% respectively. This sets a CO2 emissions target based on the NDC proposal of 15,191,926 tons of CO2.
Climate change is one of the most critical challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. The constant emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is driving the planet towards a sustained increase in global temperature, causing severe climatic alterations, loss of biodiversity, extreme events and severe social and economic impacts. The transportation sector plays a crucial role as one of the major contributors to these emissions. Aware of this problem, Chile is committed to addressing the impact of transportation through public policies and international initiatives. It has signed agreements such as the Paris Agreement, which requires reducing GHG emissions in order to limit global warming to below 2°C. At the local level, measures have been implemented under the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), whose objective includes a greater penetration of clean technologies, such as electromobility and the promotion of more sustainable transportation. Several Chilean agencies are leading efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of transportation. The Ministry of the Environment, which regulates emission reduction goals, the Ministry of Energy, which promotes the use of vehicles with clean and sustainable technology, and the Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications, which promotes modal shift policies towards more efficient public transportation, among others. An exhaustive review of the different strategies and plans promoted by the aforementioned organizations, including the PPDA, ECLP, National Electromobility Strategy, Economic Instruments Strategy, National Energy Efficiency Plan 2022-2026, Energy Agenda 2022-2026, GHG Mitigation Plan for the Energy Sector and Climate Change Adaptation Plan for cities 2018-2022, is carried out. Each one with a specialized approach and characterizing the regulatory, cultural, technological and energy measures. Within the research methodology, a program was used under the authorship of Mauricio Jiménez (UTFSM Engineer) in his degree work, which allowed obtaining historical and projected data of the Emission Factors, VKT and total emissions to the year 2050, establishing a reference scenario for this research. With the categorization of different types of land vehicles, the penetration that electromobility should have for each of these groups was simulated, with the objective of reaching the goals proposed by the NDC regarding the fleet of clean technology vehicles. For the pre-2035/2045 period, private light-duty vehicles have a penetration of 3% per year, buses and cabs 20%, and freight vehicles 5%. For the post 2035/2045 period they would be 10%, 45% and 37% respectively. This sets a CO2 emissions target based on the NDC proposal of 15,191,926 tons of CO2.
Description
Keywords
Electromovilidad, Emisiones GHG, Cambio climático
