Thesis Gestión de la innovación . Percepción empresarial del concepto de innovación y propuesta de un modelo de ajuste estratégico
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Date
2011-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Industrial
Departament
Campus
Campus Santiago Vitacura
Abstract
Ante la aceleración de los cambios en las industrias en pro de la competitividad, la innovación juega un rol fundamental, pero no es sabido si se reconoce la importancia de la innovación en las empresas en Chile, así como la percepción en cuanto a la necesidad de ajustar la innovación a la estrategia o si medir el desempeño de la innovación es imperante para ser una empresa innovadora exitosa. La innovación aparece como un concepto que abarca toda la cadena de valor y posee características que la pueden definir como una invención o mejora aplicada al mercado o al interior de la organización. La innovación puede ser tanto en productos, procesos, en marketing o en la organización; cada una de estas innovaciones son más aplicadas en ciertas empresas que en otras, dependiendo de su estrategia y objetivos actuales, de sus capacidades y recursos, del ciclo de vida en que se encuentra y principalmente de la percepción en importancia que se posee de la innovación; sus motivaciones y barreras para innovar. A través de una investigación exploratoria, no probabilística, se entrevistaron a 8 grandes empresas chilenas de diversas industrias en busca de entender la percepción de la importancia de la innovación para estas y cómo es el proceso de innovación según su estrategia actualmente. Esto permitió comparar aquellas empresas innovadoras con aquellas que innovan regularmente. Se hallaron relaciones entre los distintos tipos de innovación y la estrategia de la empresa; las innovaciones de procesos se ajustan más a estrategias de eficiencia, en cambio si la estrategia está inclinada hacia el cliente, las innovaciones de producto son las que mejor se ajustan y otorgarán compatibilidad con los objetivos. Además, se encontró que las empresas más innovadoras perciben más oportunidades de mejora y creación, y pocas barreras para innovar. De manera contraria, las empresas que innovan con menos constancia, perciben más barreras para innovar o menos motivaciones. Finalmente, esta investigación contribuye en el diseño de un modelo que propone un proceso de gestión de la innovación. Para formar una empresa innovadora se necesita conocer la situación actual de la empresa; el negocio y el entorno. Luego, se debe evaluar y comunicar el concepto de innovación. Una vez la organización reconozca qué motivaciones impulsan el proceso de innovación y qué impedimentos existen para innovar actualmente, es necesario identificar las posibles fuentes de información para la innovación, estas según su potencial y correcto uso permitirán maximizar la generación de innovaciones según los objetivos organizacionales. Una empresa innovadora deberá realizar un ajuste estratégico, reconociendo que tipos de innovaciones se ajustan mejor a cada parte de la cadena de valor del negocio, definiendo metas de innovación según los objetivos actuales y alineando a la organización en pro de estos objetivos. Por último, es necesario medir la innovación como entrada y como resultados, retroalimentando y mejorando el proceso y actividades de innovación. Una empresa innovadora sólo tendrá éxito si reconoce que las personas son el fundamento de la innovación y existe un compromiso organizacional y de la alta gerencia hacia la innovación y el liderazgo del capital humano.
In light of the acceleration in changes in industries towards competitiveness, innovation plays a fundamental role. However, it is neither lucid whether relevance of innovation is acknowledged by Chilean Companies, nor the perception of the necessity to adjust innovation to the strategy. In the same way, there are some ambiguities whether measuring the performance of innovation is imperative to become a successful innovative company. Innovation comes into view as a concept that covers the complete value chain and it could be defined as an invention or improvement applied to the market or within the organization. Innovation could be in products, processes, marketing or organization; each one of these innovations are more widespread in some companies than others, depending on their strategy and current objectives, their capacities and resources, their life cycle position and mainly their perception of the importance of innovation; their motivations and barriers to innovate. By means of a non-probabilistic exploratory research, eight large Chilean companies of different industry areas were interviewed in search for an understanding of their perception of the relevance of innovation, and enquire about the process of innovation based on their actual strategy. This allowed a comparison between innovative companies and those that innovate regularly. Relationships were found between the different types of innovation and the strategy of the company; process innovations are associated to efficiency strategies, but if the strategy tends to the customer, product innovations will fit best with the objectives. It was also found that the most innovative companies perceive more opportunities for improvement and innovation, and few barriers to innovate. Conversely, organizations that innovate inconsistently, perceived more barriers or less motivations to innovate. Finally, this research helps in designing a model that proposes a process of innovative management. To form an innovative company, the current state of the company, i.e. the business and the environment, is needed. Then, the concept of innovation must be assessed and communicated. Once the company has understood what motivates and what hinders innovation, it is necessary to identify possible sources of information for innovation. These, according to their potential, will maximize the generation of innovations consistent with the organizational objectives. An innovative company ought to adjust innovation to its strategy, identifying what types of innovation fit better to its value chain, defining goals of innovation in relation to current objectives, and align the organization towards these objectives. At last, it is necessary to measure innovation as input and results, providing feedback and improving the process and innovation activities. An innovative company will only succeed if there is recognition that people are the foundation of innovation and also there is an organizational and senior management commitment to human capital leadership.
In light of the acceleration in changes in industries towards competitiveness, innovation plays a fundamental role. However, it is neither lucid whether relevance of innovation is acknowledged by Chilean Companies, nor the perception of the necessity to adjust innovation to the strategy. In the same way, there are some ambiguities whether measuring the performance of innovation is imperative to become a successful innovative company. Innovation comes into view as a concept that covers the complete value chain and it could be defined as an invention or improvement applied to the market or within the organization. Innovation could be in products, processes, marketing or organization; each one of these innovations are more widespread in some companies than others, depending on their strategy and current objectives, their capacities and resources, their life cycle position and mainly their perception of the importance of innovation; their motivations and barriers to innovate. By means of a non-probabilistic exploratory research, eight large Chilean companies of different industry areas were interviewed in search for an understanding of their perception of the relevance of innovation, and enquire about the process of innovation based on their actual strategy. This allowed a comparison between innovative companies and those that innovate regularly. Relationships were found between the different types of innovation and the strategy of the company; process innovations are associated to efficiency strategies, but if the strategy tends to the customer, product innovations will fit best with the objectives. It was also found that the most innovative companies perceive more opportunities for improvement and innovation, and few barriers to innovate. Conversely, organizations that innovate inconsistently, perceived more barriers or less motivations to innovate. Finally, this research helps in designing a model that proposes a process of innovative management. To form an innovative company, the current state of the company, i.e. the business and the environment, is needed. Then, the concept of innovation must be assessed and communicated. Once the company has understood what motivates and what hinders innovation, it is necessary to identify possible sources of information for innovation. These, according to their potential, will maximize the generation of innovations consistent with the organizational objectives. An innovative company ought to adjust innovation to its strategy, identifying what types of innovation fit better to its value chain, defining goals of innovation in relation to current objectives, and align the organization towards these objectives. At last, it is necessary to measure innovation as input and results, providing feedback and improving the process and innovation activities. An innovative company will only succeed if there is recognition that people are the foundation of innovation and also there is an organizational and senior management commitment to human capital leadership.
Description
Keywords
Innovación, Competitividad, Gestión empresarial
