Thesis ESTUDIO DEL EFECTO DE CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN LA RECUPERACIÓN DE COBRE Y MOLIBDENO
Loading...
Date
2017
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La memoria de titulación presentada en este documento, tuvo el objetivo de analizar el impacto de la calidad del agua en la recuperación de cobre y molibdeno, en pruebas de flotación a escala de laboratorio y mini planta piloto (MPP), para minerales de la División Andina de Codelco (DAND). Todo lo anterior se realizó bajo el proyecto de expansión llamado “Plan de Desarrollo Futuro Andina” (PDFA).En base al objetivo del estudio de memoria, se investigó la viabilidad técnica, de aumentar la cantidad de agua recirculada a la planta de flotación por sobre el 27% actual, manteniendo los parámetros de operación de la división, sin afectar mayormente el desempeño de esta etapa (i.e., hipótesis planteada).La logística usada para el desarrollo de esta memoria se centró en la evaluación de la hipótesis propuesta (i.e., corroborar o refutar), para lograr lo anterior se planteó un objetivo de trabajo que permitiera la eventual evaluación de la hipótesis. Para ello, lo primero que se realizó fue una revisión crítica de la literatura existente. Este estudio reveló que si existe un efecto de la calidad del agua en el desempeño metalúrgico en flotación, el cual va a depender de la situación específica que se esté evaluando (i.e., tipo de mineral, liberación y tipo de agua).En base a la información existente recopilada, se estableció una metodología de trabajo experimental que permitió abordar la evaluación de la hipótesis planteada. En esta, se determinó realizar pruebas de flotación colectiva en ciclo continuo en una mini planta piloto, y pruebas cinéticas de flotación selectiva rougher a escala de laboratorio (batch). Para ambas pruebas, se abordó la recepción, caracterización y preparación de las muestras, tanto minerales como de aguas. También, se describió como se llevaron a cabo las pruebas, y finalmente se detalló el procedimiento con que se reconciliaron los valores experimentales obtenidos.Una vez realizadas las pruebas de flotación colectiva, se observó que al utilizar agua de tranque y agua fresca, se obtuvo el peor y mejor desempeño metalúrgico respectivamente. Estos resultados fueron comparados con los índices esperados por el PDFA (i.e., recuperación de cobre de 91,3%, recuperación de molibdeno 65,7% y ley de cobre de 30%). Es importante destacar que el agua de tranque es la más contaminada de las aguas con 5652 [mg/L] de sólidos totales disueltos (TDS). Mientras que el agua fresca sólo posee 488 [mg/L] de TDS.De las pruebas de flotación colectiva, se concluyó que una mala calidad de agua afecta el desempeño metalúrgico de cobre y molibdeno, para un mineral de DAND. En particular se observó que sobre los 3000 [mg/L] de TDS, hubo un evidente impacto negativo en el desempeño metalúrgico de esta etapa.Con respecto a las pruebas de flotación selectiva rougher (i.e., flotación de Mo y depresión de Cu), se notó una gran semejanza química y mineralógica entre las tres muestras utilizadas (i.e., Moly 1, 2 y 3), coincidente con los resultados similares mostrados en esta etapa. Las recuperaciones de molibdeno rondaron siempre el 93,4% esperado por el PDFA, con una ley promedio de molibdeno de 5,7% en el concentrado rougher. Llamó la atención no apreciar diferencias significativas entre las aguas evaluadas. Sin embargo, los índices de selectividad cinética, dejaron ver que existió una diferencia en el desempeño dependiendo del agua utilizada. El peor y mejor índice se logró al utilizar agua de tranque y fresca respectivamente. Resultados que se asocian a las aguas más y menos contaminadas evaluadas en flotación selectiva.De la etapa de flotación selectiva rougher, se concluyó que no se observó un impacto evidente del efecto de las distintas aguas en el desempeño metalúrgico, salvo quizás por la recuperación de molibdeno al usar agua de tranque, la cual es levemente inferior a las demás. Sin embargo, se tiene que la calidad del agua afecta la selectividad cinética de la etapa rougher de flotación selectiva, en particular se observó que por sobre los 2500 [mg/L] de TDS, hubo un efecto negativo sobre la selectividad cinética.Los hechos recopilados y la revisión crítica de la literatura permitieron la evaluación de la hipótesis planteada. Consecuentemente, se concluyó que si es posible aumentar la cantidad de agua recirculada a la planta de flotación por sobre el 27% actual. Por lo tanto, la hipótesis se corrobora.En términos de recomendaciones, la realización de pruebas de flotación en una planta de mayor escala es de suma importancia y necesaria (i.e., para apuntar a la representatividad a escala comercial). Finalmente, se recomienda llevar a cabo un estudio de los parámetros de operación, para así optimizar los desempeños metalúrgicos obtenidos con las futuras aguas a utilizar en DAND.
The aim of this dissertation was to study the water quality impact on the separation performance of copper and molybdenum (i.e., by means of flotation). Tests were carried out at batch scale in a laboratory mechanical flotation and in a mini-pilot plant (MPP). Mineral samples used came from CODELCO’s Andina Division (DAND). This study was part of an expansion project named “Future Development Plan of Andina Division” (PDFA).Based on the main objective of this thesis work, a hypothesis was established. This stated that “it is possible to increase over 27% the amount of recirculated process water to the flotation plant”. The latter can be achieved by keeping the operating parameters, and without affecting plant performance significantly.The logistic used to develop this thesis work was aiming at evaluating the hypothesis (i.e., either corroborate or reject). In order to achieve this, the first task consisted of performing a critical review of the literature. This study allowed flotation metallurgical performance to be related to water quality in terms of the specific situation (i.e., mineral type, liberation, and water type).The literature review helped identify relevant information to establish the experimental methodology, thus, the hypothesis evaluation was achievable. The focus of the work was on collective flotation using the mini pilot plant (i.e., continuous operation), and selective flotation using a laboratory batch flotation cell. Both procedures required sample characterization in terms of mineral and water samples. Analysis of results needed processing of the acquired data, i.e., mass balance and data reconciliation.The collective flotation results revealed that dam and fresh water types showed the worst and best metallurgical performance, respectively. These results were compared to the KPI’s established within the PDFA. It is worthwhile highlighting that the dam water had the highest level of total dissolved solids (TDS, viz., 5651 [mg/L]). On the other hand, the fresh water had the lowest level of TDS (viz., 488 [mg/L]).The collective flotation tests showed that a bad water quality affects negatively the metallurgical separation performance of copper and molybdenum at DAND. Specifically speaking, TDS greater than 3000 [mg/L] would decrease metallurgical performance.Regarding to the selective rougher flotation tests (i.e., molybdenum flotation and copper depression), the mineral samples tested (i.e., Moly 1, 2 and 3) exhibited a similar chemical and mineralogical behaviour. These samples showed similar performances. It is important to highlight that the water types did not show significant differences. Nonetheless, Kinetic Selectivity Index (KSI) did show differences among the water types tested. Once again, the dam and fresh water types exhibit the worst and best KSI, respectively. These are the most and least polluted water types, respectively.The selective rougher flotation stage did not detect a significant impact of the water type on flotation performance, except maybe for the Mo recovery obtained with dam water type (viz., slightly less than the other water types). However, water quality affected the KSI of the selective rougher flotation. In particular, it was observed that when TDS reached over 2500 [mg/L], the KSI was negatively impacted.The literature review and the experimental work carried out in this study allowed the proposed hypothesis to be evaluated. In conclusion, results obtained and analysed indicated that the hypothesis is corroborated. In other words, it is possible to increase over 27% the amount of recirculated process water to the flotation plant.Finally, it is recommended that tests at a larger scale must be performed in order to validate the results obtained from the MPP. This should take care of the representativeness of the measurements. Lastly, it is also recommended to carry out a detailed study of the different operating parameters. This will allow metallurgical performances with different water types to be optimized.
The aim of this dissertation was to study the water quality impact on the separation performance of copper and molybdenum (i.e., by means of flotation). Tests were carried out at batch scale in a laboratory mechanical flotation and in a mini-pilot plant (MPP). Mineral samples used came from CODELCO’s Andina Division (DAND). This study was part of an expansion project named “Future Development Plan of Andina Division” (PDFA).Based on the main objective of this thesis work, a hypothesis was established. This stated that “it is possible to increase over 27% the amount of recirculated process water to the flotation plant”. The latter can be achieved by keeping the operating parameters, and without affecting plant performance significantly.The logistic used to develop this thesis work was aiming at evaluating the hypothesis (i.e., either corroborate or reject). In order to achieve this, the first task consisted of performing a critical review of the literature. This study allowed flotation metallurgical performance to be related to water quality in terms of the specific situation (i.e., mineral type, liberation, and water type).The literature review helped identify relevant information to establish the experimental methodology, thus, the hypothesis evaluation was achievable. The focus of the work was on collective flotation using the mini pilot plant (i.e., continuous operation), and selective flotation using a laboratory batch flotation cell. Both procedures required sample characterization in terms of mineral and water samples. Analysis of results needed processing of the acquired data, i.e., mass balance and data reconciliation.The collective flotation results revealed that dam and fresh water types showed the worst and best metallurgical performance, respectively. These results were compared to the KPI’s established within the PDFA. It is worthwhile highlighting that the dam water had the highest level of total dissolved solids (TDS, viz., 5651 [mg/L]). On the other hand, the fresh water had the lowest level of TDS (viz., 488 [mg/L]).The collective flotation tests showed that a bad water quality affects negatively the metallurgical separation performance of copper and molybdenum at DAND. Specifically speaking, TDS greater than 3000 [mg/L] would decrease metallurgical performance.Regarding to the selective rougher flotation tests (i.e., molybdenum flotation and copper depression), the mineral samples tested (i.e., Moly 1, 2 and 3) exhibited a similar chemical and mineralogical behaviour. These samples showed similar performances. It is important to highlight that the water types did not show significant differences. Nonetheless, Kinetic Selectivity Index (KSI) did show differences among the water types tested. Once again, the dam and fresh water types exhibit the worst and best KSI, respectively. These are the most and least polluted water types, respectively.The selective rougher flotation stage did not detect a significant impact of the water type on flotation performance, except maybe for the Mo recovery obtained with dam water type (viz., slightly less than the other water types). However, water quality affected the KSI of the selective rougher flotation. In particular, it was observed that when TDS reached over 2500 [mg/L], the KSI was negatively impacted.The literature review and the experimental work carried out in this study allowed the proposed hypothesis to be evaluated. In conclusion, results obtained and analysed indicated that the hypothesis is corroborated. In other words, it is possible to increase over 27% the amount of recirculated process water to the flotation plant.Finally, it is recommended that tests at a larger scale must be performed in order to validate the results obtained from the MPP. This should take care of the representativeness of the measurements. Lastly, it is also recommended to carry out a detailed study of the different operating parameters. This will allow metallurgical performances with different water types to be optimized.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
CALIDAD DEL AGUA, FLOTACION, RECUPERACION DE COBRE, RECUPERACION DE MOLIBDENO, SOLIDOS TOTALES DISUELTOS