Thesis FACTIBILIDAD TÉCNICO ECONÓMICA DE IMPLEMENTAR UNA CENTRAL HIDROSOLAR EN EL NORTE GRANDE DE CHILE.
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Date
2012-09
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. MAGÍSTER EN ECONOMÍA ENERGÉTICA
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
En la actualidad es posible observar un rechazo generalizado al desarrollo de proyectos de generación y transmisión en Chile, lo anterior se debe a distintas razones, las que principalmente se sustentan en aspectos ambientales. Con esto, surge la interrogante de cómo el retraso de proyectos de generación y transmisión afectarán en el cumplimiento de demanda energética tanto en el SIC como en el SING. A partir de esta base, resulta atractivo proponer y evaluar desde el punto de vista técnico y económico, alternativas de generación que por un lado aportan al cumplimiento energético de la demanda a largo plazo, en este caso en el SING y, por otra parte, podrían ser competitivas desde el punto de vista técnico y económico con las tecnologías de generación convencionales que actualmente prevalecen en Chile. El proyecto a evaluar propone implementar tecnología hidrosolar en el norte de Chile, específicamente en la región de Antofagasta, a 20 Km al norte de la ciudad de Tocopilla. La propuesta consiste en implementar una central hidroeléctrica de bombeo de agua de mar y una central solar fotovoltaica, las cuales generan en ciclos de tiempo complementarios. Durante ocho horas del día, la central solar fotovoltaica generara una potencia constante de 15 MW., y a la vez, deberá suministrar la energía necesaria para el bombeo de agua de mar requerido para generar durante las restantes 16 horas del día con generación hidroeléctrica, el mismo bloque constante de 15 MW. Desde el punto de vista técnico, el proyecto resulta ser atractivo dado a que las características topográficas del sector dan facilidades constructivas, debido a la existencia de un tranque de acumulación natural a 1.500 m.s.n.m, a unos 4 Km horizontales desde la costa. Adicionalmente, los niveles de radiación solar fotovoltaica en el norte grande de Chile, permiten pensar que un proyecto de estas características podría resultar viable.
Los 15 MW ., permanentes de generación se justifican con la idea de establecer un contrato de venta de energía (PPA) con clientes mineros, los cuales requieren de energía permanente durante las 24 horas del día para satisfacer la demanda energética de sus procesos. Adicionalmente, dado a que para asegurar un bloque de potencia fijo, es necesario implementar una gran sobre instalación de potencia solar fotovoltaica, la idea se sustenta con el hecho de vender todos los excedentes de energía al mercado Spot, en los meses en que se tenga excedentes de generación por sobre los 15MW. A partir de un análisis económico se determinará si el proyecto es viable de implementar en la actualidad, o en su defecto, las condiciones que deberían darse para que un proyecto de estas características sea realizable en el mediano o largo plazo.
Nowadays it’s possible to observe a widespread rejection of the development of generation and transmission projects in Chile, this is due to various reasons, which are based primarily on environmental issues. With this the question arises how the delay of generation and transmission project will affect in compliance with the energy demand in both the SIC and SING. From this basis, it is attractive to propose and evaluate from the standpoint of technical and economic alternatives for next generation that contribute the energetic fulfillment in the long term demand, in this case the SING and, moreover, could be competitive from the technical and economic point with conventional generation technologies that currently prevail in Chile. The project proposes to evaluate “hydrosolar” implement technology in the northern part of Chile, specifically in the region of Antofagasta, 20 km north of the city in Tocopilla. The proposal is to implement hydroelectric pumping sea water and a photovoltaic power plant which generated additional time cycles. For eight hours a day, the solar photovoltaic generate a constant power of 15 MW , and in turn, must provide the energy needed for pumping sea water required to generate during the remain 16 hours of the day with hydroelectric generation, the same constant block of 15 MW. From the technical point of view, the project turns out to be attractive given by the topographical features of the area give structural facilities, due to the existence of a 1.500 meters natural accumulation dam, about 4 km from the horizontal coast. Additionally the radiation of solar photovoltaic levels in the northern part of Chile, suggest that a project of this nature could be feasible. The 15 MW, justify permanent generation with the idea of a power purchase agreement (PPA) with mining clients, which require continuous power for 24 hours a day to fulfill the energy demands of this processes. Additionally, given that to ensure a fixed power block, must be implemented on a large photovoltaic power installation, the idea is supported by the echo of selling any surplus energy to the spot market, in the months that have surplus generation by about 15MW. From an economic analysis it will determine whether the project is feasible to implement today, or failing that, the conditions that should be met for a project of this feature is feasible.
Nowadays it’s possible to observe a widespread rejection of the development of generation and transmission projects in Chile, this is due to various reasons, which are based primarily on environmental issues. With this the question arises how the delay of generation and transmission project will affect in compliance with the energy demand in both the SIC and SING. From this basis, it is attractive to propose and evaluate from the standpoint of technical and economic alternatives for next generation that contribute the energetic fulfillment in the long term demand, in this case the SING and, moreover, could be competitive from the technical and economic point with conventional generation technologies that currently prevail in Chile. The project proposes to evaluate “hydrosolar” implement technology in the northern part of Chile, specifically in the region of Antofagasta, 20 km north of the city in Tocopilla. The proposal is to implement hydroelectric pumping sea water and a photovoltaic power plant which generated additional time cycles. For eight hours a day, the solar photovoltaic generate a constant power of 15 MW , and in turn, must provide the energy needed for pumping sea water required to generate during the remain 16 hours of the day with hydroelectric generation, the same constant block of 15 MW. From the technical point of view, the project turns out to be attractive given by the topographical features of the area give structural facilities, due to the existence of a 1.500 meters natural accumulation dam, about 4 km from the horizontal coast. Additionally the radiation of solar photovoltaic levels in the northern part of Chile, suggest that a project of this nature could be feasible. The 15 MW, justify permanent generation with the idea of a power purchase agreement (PPA) with mining clients, which require continuous power for 24 hours a day to fulfill the energy demands of this processes. Additionally, given that to ensure a fixed power block, must be implemented on a large photovoltaic power installation, the idea is supported by the echo of selling any surplus energy to the spot market, in the months that have surplus generation by about 15MW. From an economic analysis it will determine whether the project is feasible to implement today, or failing that, the conditions that should be met for a project of this feature is feasible.
Description
Keywords
CENTRALES HIDROELECTRICAS, ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA