Thesis Análisis computacional de la adsorción de escopolamina sobre superficies de carbono basado en el modelo de Poisson-Boltzmann
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Date
2026-08
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La escopolamina es un alcaloide tropánico con relevancia forense debido a su uso en en delitos de sumisión química, lo que hace necesario el desarrollo de métodos de detección rápidos y eficientes. El presente trabajo evalúa la viabilidad termodinámica de la adsorción de esta molécula sobre electrodos modificados con Carbon Black mediante simulaciones computacionales basadas en el modelo de solvente implícito de Poisson-Boltzmann. La metodología empleó el Método de Elementos de Borde (BEM) para resolver la electrostática del sistema, validando la precisión del modelo mediante numérico mediante un estudio de convergencia de malla y Extrapolación de Richardson. Los resultados demuestran que el estado de protonación de analito es el factor determinante en la afinidad de adsorción: mientras que la especie deprotonada presenta interacciones dipolares de menor magnitud, la forma protonada exhibe un acoplamiento electrostático favorable, modulado por el potencial superficial del electrodo y el pH del medio. Se identificó una orientación espacial preferencial de la molécula (α_tilt≈120^∘) en condiciones alcalinas, favorecido por un fenómeno de regulación de carga que estabiliza el estado catiónico más allá de su límite teórico de pK_a. Estas conclusiones establecen una base teórica para el diseño de dispositivos de detección, indicando que el acondicionamiento del pH de las muestras es una variable operativa clave para maximizar la adsorción del analito en estos sensores electroquímicos frente a muestras reales.
Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid of forensic relevance due to its use in chemical submission crimes, necessitating the development of rapid and efficient detection methods. The present work evaluates the thermodynamic viability of the adsorption of this molecule onto Carbon Black-modified electrodes through computational simulations based on the Poisson- oltzmann implicit solvent model. The methodology employed the Boundary Element Method (BEM) to solve the electrostatics of the system, validating the accuracy of the numerical model through a mesh convergence study and Richardson Extrapolation. The results demonstrate that the protonation state of the analyte is the determining factor in the adsorption thermodynamics: while the deprotonated species presents dipolar interactions of lower magnitude, the protonated form exhibits favorable electrostatic coupling, modulated by the surface potential of the electrode and the pH of the medium. A preferential spatial orientation of the molecule (𝛼𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑡≈120∘) was identified under alkaline conditions, promoted by a charge regulation phenomenon that stabilizes the cationic state beyond its theoretical 𝑝𝐾𝑎 limit. These conclusions establish a theoretical foundation for the design of detection devices, indicating that sample pH conditioning is a key operational variable to maximize analyte adsorption in these electrochemical sensors when dealing with real samples.
Scopolamine is a tropane alkaloid of forensic relevance due to its use in chemical submission crimes, necessitating the development of rapid and efficient detection methods. The present work evaluates the thermodynamic viability of the adsorption of this molecule onto Carbon Black-modified electrodes through computational simulations based on the Poisson- oltzmann implicit solvent model. The methodology employed the Boundary Element Method (BEM) to solve the electrostatics of the system, validating the accuracy of the numerical model through a mesh convergence study and Richardson Extrapolation. The results demonstrate that the protonation state of the analyte is the determining factor in the adsorption thermodynamics: while the deprotonated species presents dipolar interactions of lower magnitude, the protonated form exhibits favorable electrostatic coupling, modulated by the surface potential of the electrode and the pH of the medium. A preferential spatial orientation of the molecule (𝛼𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑡≈120∘) was identified under alkaline conditions, promoted by a charge regulation phenomenon that stabilizes the cationic state beyond its theoretical 𝑝𝐾𝑎 limit. These conclusions establish a theoretical foundation for the design of detection devices, indicating that sample pH conditioning is a key operational variable to maximize analyte adsorption in these electrochemical sensors when dealing with real samples.
Description
Keywords
Alcaloide tropánico, Adsorción, Método de Elementos de Borde, Electrodos modificados, Sensores electroquímicos
