Thesis Método gráfico para estimar el peligro de estallido de roca en minería subterránea
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Date
2024
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA METALÚRGICA
Campus
Campus Santiago San Joaquín
Abstract
La minería subterránea corresponde a la explotación de recursos mineros desarrollado por debajo de la superficie, dicha explotación generalmente se realiza de esta manera cuando su extracción en superficie no es viable por razones económicas, sociales o medioambientales.
A medida que progresa la minería, es necesario alcanzar mayores profundidades para extraer el mineral. Esto genera que se presenten diversos tipos de peligros en minería subterránea debido a las condiciones del entorno en el que se trabaja. El estallido de roca es uno de los peligros de gran riesgo que se presentan en la minería y corresponde a una rápida liberación de energía de deformación que fue almacenada en el macizo rocoso, traducida en
una explosión abrupta e imprevista del macizo rocoso generado en túneles. Se originan por una gran concentración de esfuerzos y otras condiciones del macizo rocoso.
Hasta la fecha se han diseñado varios métodos para evaluar este peligro basados en el estudio de los esfuerzos o índices de energía como la energía de deformación del macizo rocoso. Sin embargo, aún no se propone un método gráfico con fundamento teórico basado sobre la fenomenología del estallido de roca, estimando este como un evento energético y dinámico, considerando el volumen de roca en torno a la excavación que se encuentra con un bajo grado de entrelazamiento de fragmentos de la roca.
Este trabajo presenta un método gráfico capaz de estimar el peligro del estallido de roca, el cual está definida como la intensidad por la probabilidad. La tasa de liberación de energía local promedio (LERR), que considera la energía liberada cuando la energía de deformación concentrada en un área es mayor a su capacidad de almacenaje, y el sloss, el cual es el grado de entrelazamiento de los fragmentos del macizo rocoso; con estos parámetros se obtiene la probabilidad de que ocurra el estallido de roca. Con respecto a la intensidad, corresponde a la relación de la energía cinética máxima liberada en el contorno de la excavación, que muestra la fuerza de eyección de la roca, con el radio de roca afectada, que se basa en el radio cuando el valor del sloss es mínimo, por lo que entrega una noción sobre el volumen fragmentado del macizo rocoso que se desprendería en el estallido de roca...
Underground mining corresponds to the exploitation of mining resources developed below the surface. Such exploitation is generally carried out in this way when surface extraction is not viable for economic, social or environmental reasons. As mining progresses, it is necessary to reach greater depths to extract the ore. This generates various types of dangers in underground mining due to the conditions of the environment in which they work. Rockburst is one of the high-risk hazards that occur in mining and corresponds to a rapid release of deformation energy that was stored in the rock mass, translated into an abrupt and unexpected explosion of the rock mass generated in tunnels. They originate from a great concentration of stress and other conditions of the rock mass. To date, several methods have been designed to evaluate this danger based on the study of stresses or energy indices such as the deformation energy of the rock mass. However, a graphic method with theoretical foundation based on the phenomenology of the rock burst is not yet proposed, estimating this as an energetic and dynamic event, considering the volume of rock around the excavation that is found with a low degree of entanglement. of rock fragments. This work presents a graphical method capable of estimating the danger of rockburst, which is defined as the intensity times the probability. The average local energy release rate ((LERR) ̅), which considers the energy released when the deformation energy concentrated in an area is greater than its storage capacity, and the sloss, which is the degree of entanglement of the fragments of the rock mass; With these parameters the probability of the rock burst occurring is obtained. With respect to the intensity, it corresponds to the relationship of the maximum kinetic energy released in the excavation contour, which shows the rock ejection force, with the radius of the affected rock, which is based on the radius when the value of the sloss is minimal, so it provides an idea about the fragmented volume of the rock mass that would break away in the rock burst...
Underground mining corresponds to the exploitation of mining resources developed below the surface. Such exploitation is generally carried out in this way when surface extraction is not viable for economic, social or environmental reasons. As mining progresses, it is necessary to reach greater depths to extract the ore. This generates various types of dangers in underground mining due to the conditions of the environment in which they work. Rockburst is one of the high-risk hazards that occur in mining and corresponds to a rapid release of deformation energy that was stored in the rock mass, translated into an abrupt and unexpected explosion of the rock mass generated in tunnels. They originate from a great concentration of stress and other conditions of the rock mass. To date, several methods have been designed to evaluate this danger based on the study of stresses or energy indices such as the deformation energy of the rock mass. However, a graphic method with theoretical foundation based on the phenomenology of the rock burst is not yet proposed, estimating this as an energetic and dynamic event, considering the volume of rock around the excavation that is found with a low degree of entanglement. of rock fragments. This work presents a graphical method capable of estimating the danger of rockburst, which is defined as the intensity times the probability. The average local energy release rate ((LERR) ̅), which considers the energy released when the deformation energy concentrated in an area is greater than its storage capacity, and the sloss, which is the degree of entanglement of the fragments of the rock mass; With these parameters the probability of the rock burst occurring is obtained. With respect to the intensity, it corresponds to the relationship of the maximum kinetic energy released in the excavation contour, which shows the rock ejection force, with the radius of the affected rock, which is based on the radius when the value of the sloss is minimal, so it provides an idea about the fragmented volume of the rock mass that would break away in the rock burst...
Description
Keywords
Minería subterránea, Macizo rocoso, Simulación