Thesis ESTUDIO DE IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE VIGILANCIA ADS-B EN ZONAS DE BAJA COBERTURA RADAR
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Date
2015-11
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERÍA EN AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL
Campus
Campus Vitacura, Santiago
Abstract
Los sistemas de vigilancia son claves a la hora de mantener el orden y la seguridad del espacio aéreo, por lo tanto sería ideal ser capaz de conocer la posición exacta y otros datos relevantes de la aeronave en todo momento, pero esto no siempre puede ser posible dado que existen limitantes geográficas, tecnológicas y económicas. El espacio aéreo nacional está compuesto de radares primarios y secundarios, sin embargo existen muchas zonas en las cuales estos no son capaces de obtener la información proveniente de la aeronave, con lo que la comunicación por voz y el plan de vuelo es lo único en lo que el controlador puede confiar. El sistema de vigilancia ADS-B es capaz de proveer más información, con actualizaciones mucho más seguidas y por un costo mucho menor que un radar convencional. Por lo que se estudió su uso en dos sectores del territorio chileno, los cuales no estaban provistos de vigilancia aérea, dichos lugares son los alrededores del aeródromo El Loa y la zona que comprende Puerto Montt-Coyhaique. Con la ayuda de un software, se simuló la cobertura actual de los radares, para definir qué sectores no eran cubiertos y de la misma manera se ubicaron las estaciones ADS-B en tierra, con tal de brindar la mayor cobertura posible en función de los lugares elegidos. Al analizar estos resultados es posible apreciar cómo se beneficiarían las operaciones aéreas en cuanto a seguridad y eficiencia al operar bajo este sistema de vigilancia, dado que el ADS-B cubre gran parte de los alrededores de los sectores seleccionados y a niveles de vuelos superiores incluso puede ser back up del sistema tradicional por radar o viceversa. El factor económico también es muy conveniente dado que en promedio la instalación de un radar secundario SSR/MSSR fluctúa alrededor de los US$2.600.000, mientras que la de un equipo ADS-B en tierra oscila en los US$200.000. El factor en contra que tiene este sistema de vigilancia es que necesita estar equipado a bordo de la aeronave con un dispositivo llamado ADS-B out el cual es el que emite la información de los parámetros del vuelo constantemente hacia el receptor. La solución puede estar dada tomando el ejemplo de la FAA en Estados Unidos, donde se creó un fondo para que los explotadores de las aeronaves puedan adquirir estos dispositivos mediante préstamos a tasas más bajas que las convencionales o recibir un subsidio por parte del gobierno, debido a que adquirir este tipo de dispositivos cuesta alrededor de US$4.000 dependiendo de la aviónica que posea la aeronave más la instalación. Al utilizar este nuevo sistema de vigilancia, se ven beneficiados quienes realizan las operaciones aéreas y quienes las controlan, brindando una mayor seguridad al espacio aéreo nacional.
Surveillance systems are key when it comes to maintaining order and safety of airspace, therefore it would be ideal to be able to know the exact position and other relevant data of the aircraft every moment, but this may not always be possible since there are geographical, technological and economic limitations. The national airspace is composed of primary and secondary radars, but there are many areas in which they are not able to obtain information from the aircraft, so the voice communication and the flight plan is the only thing the controller can trust. The surveillance system ADS-B is able to provide more information with more updates and lower cost than conventional radar. Thus its use was studied in two sectors of the Chilean territory, which were not provided by aerial surveillance, these places are near the airport El Loa and the area that comprise Puerto Montt-Coyhaique. With the help of a software, current radar coverage was simulated to define which sectors were not covered and in the same way the ADS-B ground stations were located, so to provide the widest possible coverage in terms of places elected. By analyzing these results it is possible to appreciate how air operations would benefit in terms of safety and efficiency when operating under this surveillance system, since the ADS-B covers much of the area surrounding the selected sectors and in higher flight levels can even be a back up of traditional radar system or vice versa. The economic factor is also very convenient due to on average the installation of a secondary radar SSR/MSSR fluctuates around US$ 2.6 million, while that of an ADS-B ground equipment ranges in the US $ 200,000. The factor against having this monitoring system is that the aircraft needs to be equipped on board with a device called ADS-B out which emits the flight parameters information constantly to the receiver. The solution can be given using the example of the FAA in the United States, where a fund was created to allow aircraft operators to acquire these devices by borrowing at lower rates than conventional or receive a subsidy from the government because to acquire these devices cost around $ 4,000 depending on the aircraft avionics plus installation. Taking this on account, using this new surveillance system will benefit those who are conducting air operations and those who control it, providing greater safety to national airspace.
Surveillance systems are key when it comes to maintaining order and safety of airspace, therefore it would be ideal to be able to know the exact position and other relevant data of the aircraft every moment, but this may not always be possible since there are geographical, technological and economic limitations. The national airspace is composed of primary and secondary radars, but there are many areas in which they are not able to obtain information from the aircraft, so the voice communication and the flight plan is the only thing the controller can trust. The surveillance system ADS-B is able to provide more information with more updates and lower cost than conventional radar. Thus its use was studied in two sectors of the Chilean territory, which were not provided by aerial surveillance, these places are near the airport El Loa and the area that comprise Puerto Montt-Coyhaique. With the help of a software, current radar coverage was simulated to define which sectors were not covered and in the same way the ADS-B ground stations were located, so to provide the widest possible coverage in terms of places elected. By analyzing these results it is possible to appreciate how air operations would benefit in terms of safety and efficiency when operating under this surveillance system, since the ADS-B covers much of the area surrounding the selected sectors and in higher flight levels can even be a back up of traditional radar system or vice versa. The economic factor is also very convenient due to on average the installation of a secondary radar SSR/MSSR fluctuates around US$ 2.6 million, while that of an ADS-B ground equipment ranges in the US $ 200,000. The factor against having this monitoring system is that the aircraft needs to be equipped on board with a device called ADS-B out which emits the flight parameters information constantly to the receiver. The solution can be given using the example of the FAA in the United States, where a fund was created to allow aircraft operators to acquire these devices by borrowing at lower rates than conventional or receive a subsidy from the government because to acquire these devices cost around $ 4,000 depending on the aircraft avionics plus installation. Taking this on account, using this new surveillance system will benefit those who are conducting air operations and those who control it, providing greater safety to national airspace.
Description
Keywords
RADAR, NAVEGACIÓN AÉREA, EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICO ECONÓMICA, ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD