Thesis ANÁLISIS DE SÍNTESIS Y PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE ESPUMAS Ti-Ta-Sn PARA EL USO EN APLICACIONES BIOMÉDICAS
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Date
2019
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
En el transcurso de los años, ha habido un avance tecnológico respecto a los materiales metálicos utilizados como implantes biomédicos. Inicialmente, han sido aleaciones de acero inoxidable 316L, aleaciones Co-Cr-Mo, aleaciones Au-Pd y finalmente aleaciones de Ti. De las aleaciones mencionadas, las aleaciones de Ti poseen una elevada resistencia mecánica, baja densidad, elevada resistencia a la corrosión y excelente biocompatibilidad. Sin embargo, estas aleaciones presentan un elevado módulo elástico comparada con el hueso, lo que genera problemas de incompatibilidad biomecánica denominada “apantallamiento de tensiones”, causando un mayor desgaste y/o probabilidad de fractura del hueso. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de este trabajo de memoria es analizar la síntesis y las propiedades mecánicas de las espumas Ti-13Ta-xSn (x: 3, 6, 9 y 12% en % atómico) a una porosidad de 50% en volúmen.Las espumas metálicas fueron sintetizadas por la vía Pulvimetalurgia, contemplando aleado mecánico y posterior sinterización por el método Hot Pressing. Las probetas fueron caracterizadas por medio de microscopia óptica, difracción de rayos X, medición de ultrasonido para obtener el módulo elástico, ensayo de compresión para obtener el esfuerzo de fluencia y medición de microdureza.Se obtuvieron valores del módulo elástico (1.2 a 1.8 [GPa]) dentro del rango establecido para evitar el apantallamiento de tensiones del hueso (<30 [GPa]). Esto es por la mayoritaria cantidad de fase ¿, con valores entre 52 a 58% en peso y la porosidad inducida a las espumas de Ti.Los valores de esfuerzo de fluencia por compresión son menores a lo esperado (5 a 19 [MPa]) para ser similar al hueso cortical (=120 [MPa]), es por ello que es recomendable analizar las condiciones experimentales de la presente investigación y asegurar que el comportamiento mecánico sea el más adecuado.
Over the years, there has been a technological advance regarding to metallic materials used as biomedical implants. Initially, they have been stainless steel 316L alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys, Au-Pd alloys and finally Ti alloys. Of the aforementioned alloys, Ti alloys possess high mechanical strength, low density, high resistance to corrosion and excellent biocompatibility. However, these alloys have a high elastic modulus compared to bone, which generates problems of biomechanical incompatibility called "stress shielding", causing a greater wear and/or probability of bone fracture. In this context, the main objective of this project is to analyze the synthesis and mechanical properties of the foams Ti-13Ta-xSn (x: 3, 6, 9 and 12% in atomic%) at a porosity of 50% in volume. The metallic foams were synthesized by the Pulvimetalurgia route, contemplating mechanical alloying and subsequent sintering by the Hot Pressing method. The test tubes were characterized by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultrasound measurement to obtain the elastic modulus, compression test to obtain the yield stress and microhardness measurement. Elastic modulus values (1.2 to 1.8 [GPa]) were obtained within the established range to avoid stress screening of bone tensions (<30 [GPa]). This is due to the majority of phase ¿, with values between 52 to 58% by the weight and the porosity induced in Ti foams. The values of Compression Stress Effort are lower than expected (5 to 19 [MPa]) to be similar to cortical bone (> 120 [MPa]), which is why it is advisable to analyze the experimental conditions of the present investigation and ensure that the mechanical behavior is the most appropriate.
Over the years, there has been a technological advance regarding to metallic materials used as biomedical implants. Initially, they have been stainless steel 316L alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys, Au-Pd alloys and finally Ti alloys. Of the aforementioned alloys, Ti alloys possess high mechanical strength, low density, high resistance to corrosion and excellent biocompatibility. However, these alloys have a high elastic modulus compared to bone, which generates problems of biomechanical incompatibility called "stress shielding", causing a greater wear and/or probability of bone fracture. In this context, the main objective of this project is to analyze the synthesis and mechanical properties of the foams Ti-13Ta-xSn (x: 3, 6, 9 and 12% in atomic%) at a porosity of 50% in volume. The metallic foams were synthesized by the Pulvimetalurgia route, contemplating mechanical alloying and subsequent sintering by the Hot Pressing method. The test tubes were characterized by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultrasound measurement to obtain the elastic modulus, compression test to obtain the yield stress and microhardness measurement. Elastic modulus values (1.2 to 1.8 [GPa]) were obtained within the established range to avoid stress screening of bone tensions (<30 [GPa]). This is due to the majority of phase ¿, with values between 52 to 58% by the weight and the porosity induced in Ti foams. The values of Compression Stress Effort are lower than expected (5 to 19 [MPa]) to be similar to cortical bone (> 120 [MPa]), which is why it is advisable to analyze the experimental conditions of the present investigation and ensure that the mechanical behavior is the most appropriate.
Description
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Keywords
ANALISIS DE SINTESIS, APLICACIONES BIOMEDICAS, ESPUMAS TI-TA-SN