Thesis EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICO – EXPERIMENTAL Y EFECTOS EN EL DESEMPEÑO DE UN MOTOR DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA DIÉSEL, CON LA INYECCIÓN INDIRECTA DE GAS LICUADO
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Date
2019-12
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA – MENCIÓN ENERGÍA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo está centrado en el estudio de las emisiones y desempeño de un
motor diésel bajo una operación dual con Gas Licuado de Petróleo mediante una
inyección indirecta. Del total de la energía contenida en el diésel según su punto de
operación, se calculan porcentajes energéticos de gas, que sustituirán la energía
aportada por el combustible diésel. En la práctica la cantidad de gas inyectado se
representa como una fracción respecto al total de la energía ingresada al motor.
Se establece una línea base de operación para las emisiones y el desempeño, para ser
comparada con el funcionamiento del motor bajo una operación dual. Los puntos de
operación ensayados fueron a un régimen referencial de giro de 2190, 2500 y 3200
[rpm], bajo tres niveles de carga distintos para cada velocidad: 30%, 60% y 100%, es
decir nueve puntos de operación en total, en los cuales se inyectará gas.
El desempeño del motor se ve favorecido solo para pequeñas fracciones energéticas de
gas. La eficiencia térmica aumentó en un 2.6% con una fracción energética de gas del
0.096 [-], para este punto óptimo se logró un ahorro de combustible del 11.9% respecto
a la operación solo diésel, además las emisiones NOx se redujeron en un 4.8%, sin
embargo estas emisiones aumentaron para un funcionamiento con fracciones
superiores de gas. Para la operación a plena carga y una fracción energética de gas del
0.6 [-] se detectaron problemas en la combustión dada la ocurrencia de “knock”.
Respecto a las emisiones el material particulado disminuyó para toda operación con la
adición de gas. Las emisiones de HC y CO aumentan excesivamente conforme es
mayor la inyección de gas y los NOX disminuyen levemente para niveles de carga del
30% y 60%, en cambio aumentan, para una operación a plena carga para velocidades
de referencia de 2190 y 2500 [rpm], pero para 3200 [rpm] de igual forma disminuyen.
The present work is focused on the study of the emissions and performance of a diesel engine under a dual operation with Liquefied Petroleum Gas through an indirect injection. Of the total energy contained in diesel according to its operating point, energy percentages of gas are calculated, which will replace the energy provided by diesel fuel. In practice, the amount of gas injected is represented as a fraction of the total energy entered into the engine. A baseline of operation for emissions and performance is established, to be compared with the operation of the engine under a dual operation. The operating points tested were at a reference speed of 2190, 2500 and 3200 [rpm], under three different load levels for each speed: 30%, 60% and 100%, that is, nine total operating points, in which gas will be injected. Engine performance is favored only for small energy fractions of gas. The thermal efficiency increased by 2.6% with a gas energy fraction of 0.096 [-], for this optimum point a fuel saving of 11.9% was achieved with respect to the diesel-only operation, in addition NOX emissions were reduced by 4.8% , however, these emissions increased for operation with higher gas fractions. For full load operation and an energy fraction of gas of 0.6 [-] combustion problems were detected given the occurrence of "knock". Regarding emissions, the particulate material decreased for any operation with the addition of gas. The emissions of HC and CO increase excessively as gas injection is greater and NO_X decreases slightly for 30% and 60% load levels, instead increase, for a full load operation for reference speeds of 2190 and 2500 [ rpm], but for 3200 [rpm] they also decrease.
The present work is focused on the study of the emissions and performance of a diesel engine under a dual operation with Liquefied Petroleum Gas through an indirect injection. Of the total energy contained in diesel according to its operating point, energy percentages of gas are calculated, which will replace the energy provided by diesel fuel. In practice, the amount of gas injected is represented as a fraction of the total energy entered into the engine. A baseline of operation for emissions and performance is established, to be compared with the operation of the engine under a dual operation. The operating points tested were at a reference speed of 2190, 2500 and 3200 [rpm], under three different load levels for each speed: 30%, 60% and 100%, that is, nine total operating points, in which gas will be injected. Engine performance is favored only for small energy fractions of gas. The thermal efficiency increased by 2.6% with a gas energy fraction of 0.096 [-], for this optimum point a fuel saving of 11.9% was achieved with respect to the diesel-only operation, in addition NOX emissions were reduced by 4.8% , however, these emissions increased for operation with higher gas fractions. For full load operation and an energy fraction of gas of 0.6 [-] combustion problems were detected given the occurrence of "knock". Regarding emissions, the particulate material decreased for any operation with the addition of gas. The emissions of HC and CO increase excessively as gas injection is greater and NO_X decreases slightly for 30% and 60% load levels, instead increase, for a full load operation for reference speeds of 2190 and 2500 [ rpm], but for 3200 [rpm] they also decrease.
Description
Keywords
MOTOR DUAL GLP-DIÉSEL, COMBUSTIBLES ALTERNATIVOS