Thesis DISEÑO DE CHUTES DE TRASPASO CON CAMAS DE PIEDRA PARA MINIMIZAR EL DESGASTE
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Date
2018
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal establecer parámetros óptimos de diseño en chutes de traspaso con “camas de piedra”, incluyendo su ubicación y ángulo de inclinación de acuerdo al tipo de material utilizado. Para cumplir con este propósito, se diseñó e implementó un modelo de un sistema de transporte de materiales sólidos a granel, conformado por una correa transportadora y un chute de traspaso que opera con camas de piedra, que permite reproducir el lanzamiento de material desde una correa bajo distintas condiciones de operación (inclinación y velocidad) y analizar el comportamiento del flujo de material al interior del chute de traspaso.La experimentación se realizó mediante una serie ensayos en los cuales se estudió la inclinación alcanzada por el material acumulado en la cama de piedra y el flujo de material que se desliza sobre ella cuando varían parámetros como la ubicación del chute, propiedades de fluidez del material, y la velocidad e inclinación de la correa transportadora. Los materiales ensayados corresponden a gritz de maíz, arena y mineral chancado de cobre. Estos ensayos fueron desarrollados en el Centro de Investigación para el Transporte de Materiales (CITRAM) del Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María.Con los resultados obtenidos se analiza al comportamiento que presenta el ángulo de incidencia al variar el número de Froude en las posiciones óptimas del chute y se plantea una expresión que relaciona la inclinación mostrada por la cama de piedra en estas posiciones con el ángulo de reposo de los materiales ensayados. También se establece un criterio general que permite determinar la posición óptima de la cama de piedra en función del diámetro de la polea de cabeza de la correa.
The main objective of this work is to establish optimal design parameters for transfer chutes with a "rock box", including their location and angle of inclination based on the type of material used. To fulfill this purpose, a model of a bulk material transportation system was designed and implemented, consisting of a conveyor belt and a transfer chute that operates with a rock box, which allows reproducing the discharge of material from a belt under different operating conditions (inclination and speed) and analyzing the behavior of the flow of material inside the transfer chute.The experimentation was carried out through a series of tests in which the inclination reached by the material stored in the rock box and the flow of material that slides on it were studied when parameters such as the location of the chute, flow properties of the material and the speed and inclination of the conveyor belt. The tested materials correspond to corn gritz, sand and crushed copper ore. These tests were developed in the Research Center for the Transport of Materials (CITRAM) of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María.Based on the results, the behavior of the angle of incidence is analyzed by varying the number of Froude in the optimal positions of the chute and an expression that relates the inclination shown by the rock box is considered in these positions with the angle of repose of the materials tested. A general criterion is also established that allows determining the optimum position of the rock box based on the diameter of the belt head pulley.
The main objective of this work is to establish optimal design parameters for transfer chutes with a "rock box", including their location and angle of inclination based on the type of material used. To fulfill this purpose, a model of a bulk material transportation system was designed and implemented, consisting of a conveyor belt and a transfer chute that operates with a rock box, which allows reproducing the discharge of material from a belt under different operating conditions (inclination and speed) and analyzing the behavior of the flow of material inside the transfer chute.The experimentation was carried out through a series of tests in which the inclination reached by the material stored in the rock box and the flow of material that slides on it were studied when parameters such as the location of the chute, flow properties of the material and the speed and inclination of the conveyor belt. The tested materials correspond to corn gritz, sand and crushed copper ore. These tests were developed in the Research Center for the Transport of Materials (CITRAM) of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María.Based on the results, the behavior of the angle of incidence is analyzed by varying the number of Froude in the optimal positions of the chute and an expression that relates the inclination shown by the rock box is considered in these positions with the angle of repose of the materials tested. A general criterion is also established that allows determining the optimum position of the rock box based on the diameter of the belt head pulley.
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Keywords
ANGULO DE INCIDENCIA, ANGULO DE REPOSO, CAMAS DE PIEDRA, CHUTE DE TRASPASO, CORREA TRANSPORTADORA, MATERIALES SOLIDOS A GRANEL