Thesis OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA DEMANDA TÉRMICA EN PLANTAS DE EXTRACCIÓN POR SOLVENTES Y ELECTRO OBTENCIÓN
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Date
2017
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Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La minería chilena, y particularmente la minería del cobre, en los últimos años ha tenido que enfrentar desafíos como la disminución de los precios de venta, la disminución de las leyes de cobre, y la problemática de aumentar la producción sin encarecer los costos energéticos. La coyuntura en la que se encuentra el país ha obligado a todas las industrias que tienen un gran consumo de energía a buscar formas de ahorrar energía en sus procesos para lograr una mayor eficiencia energética.Este trabajo consiste en el estudio de la demanda térmica en una planta de SX – EW con la finalidad de encontrar opciones de optimizar el consumo de energía y disminuir los costos relacionados al uso de combustible.En primera instancia se da un contexto general de la minería del cobre con sus distintas formas de procesamiento para dar paso a una explicación detallada de lo que es el desarrollo de la hidrometalurgia extractiva del cobre. Luego se explican los principales consumos de energía y combustible en el procesamiento del cobre, dando énfasis al consumo de energía en los procesos de SX – EW.En una segunda instancia se desarrolla un completo análisis de la demanda térmica para el calentamiento de electrolito en una planta de SW – EW, con el desarrollo de balances energéticos respaldados por datos medidos en planta y datos de diseño.Para finalizar se identifican y evalúan a nivel de ingeniería de perfil, serie de iniciativas conducentes a optimizar el consumo de energía y a disminuir el gasto económico en combustible de la planta.
Chilean mining, and particularly copper mining, in recent years has had to face challenges such as the decline in sales prices, lower copper grades, and the problem of increasing production without increasing energy costs. The current situation in the country has forced all energy-intensive industries to look for ways to save energy in their processes to achieve greater energy efficiency.This work consists in the study of the thermal energy demand in a SX - EW plant with the purpose of finding options to optimize the energy consumption and decrease the costs related to the use of fuel.In the first instance, a general context of copper mining with its different forms of processing is given to give way to a detailed explanation of the development of the extractive hydrometallurgy of copper. Then, the main energy and fuel consumptions in copper processing are explained, emphasizing the energy consumption in the SX - EW processes.In a second instance, a complete analysis of the thermal demand for the electrolyte heating in a SW - EW plant is developed, with the development of energy balances supported by data measured in the plant and design data.Finally, a series of initiatives aimed at optimizing energy consumption and decreasing the fuel economy of the plant are identified and evaluated at the level of profile engineering.
Chilean mining, and particularly copper mining, in recent years has had to face challenges such as the decline in sales prices, lower copper grades, and the problem of increasing production without increasing energy costs. The current situation in the country has forced all energy-intensive industries to look for ways to save energy in their processes to achieve greater energy efficiency.This work consists in the study of the thermal energy demand in a SX - EW plant with the purpose of finding options to optimize the energy consumption and decrease the costs related to the use of fuel.In the first instance, a general context of copper mining with its different forms of processing is given to give way to a detailed explanation of the development of the extractive hydrometallurgy of copper. Then, the main energy and fuel consumptions in copper processing are explained, emphasizing the energy consumption in the SX - EW processes.In a second instance, a complete analysis of the thermal demand for the electrolyte heating in a SW - EW plant is developed, with the development of energy balances supported by data measured in the plant and design data.Finally, a series of initiatives aimed at optimizing energy consumption and decreasing the fuel economy of the plant are identified and evaluated at the level of profile engineering.
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Keywords
CONSUMO DE ENERGIA, DEMANDA TERMICA, HIDROMETALURGIA