Thesis ANÁLISIS TÉCNICO ECONÓMICO DE PERTINENCIA DE ACCIONES DE MANTENIMIENTO PARA PLANTAS SOLARES FOTOVOLTAICAS BAJO NORMATIVA DE GENERACIÓN DISTRIBUIDA
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Date
2021-08
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL MECÁNICA
Campus
Campus San Joaquín, Santiago
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad el estudio de acciones de mantenimiento para plantas solares fotovoltaicas ubicadas en distintas regiones de Chile, utilizando para ello el análisis de los parámetros más relevantes sobre la disminución de eficiencia.
Como el mercado basado en la venta de energía por medio de este tipo de proyectos ha ido en aumento es que se hace necesario tener mayor información sobre las causas raíces que afectan a la eficiencia total de la PFV, determinar acciones de mantenimiento en base a la información que se maneja actualmente por medio de monitoreo remoto y estabilizar el margen de ganancia en un valor mayor a través de la aplicación de dichas acciones, para ello se realiza un análisis mediante árbol de fallas , en donde se determinan dos grandes grupos ; falla en conectores y puntos calientes . Debido a la información disponible actualmente es que se decide basar el estudio en el mantenimiento de paneles fotovoltaicos, principalmente en la limpieza de estos a través del uso de la herramienta SolarWeb, la cual es una interfaz de los inversores marca Fronius que son capaces de entregar y almacenar datos en tiempo real sobre condiciones de operación de la instalación.
Mediante el análisis de parámetros como PR, tamaño de la instalación y georreferencia se pudo determinar que para plantas ubicadas en la IV región es recomendable realizar 5 limpiezas, en la V región es recomendable realizar 4 limpiezas al año y en la VII región es sugerible la realización de 3 limpiezas con el fin de mantener una eficiencia estable, sin producir pérdidas mayores en la producción de energía.
Se logra comparar datos reales en distintas regiones de Chile, demostrando la estabilidad mayor del PR corregido por temperatura por sobre el PR, lo cual lo establece como un mejor parámetro de trabajo en este tipo de instalaciones.
En cuanto a la eficiencia demostrada por las PFV estudiadas se obtuvieron de norte a sur los siguientes PR promedios anuales siguientes; 77,22% para la IV región, 84,08% para la V región y 81,71% para la VII región, en donde las limpiezas lograron aumentar un rendimiento promedio de 1,95%, 7,73% y 10,78% respectivamente.
Finalmente se logran establecer directrices para las acciones de mantenimiento sobre paneles fotovoltaicos y de esta manera aprovechar de mejor forma los recursos actuales, maximizando ganancias por venta de energía
The purpose of this analysis is to study maintenance actions for photovoltaic solar plants located in different regions of Chile, using for this purpose the analysis of the most relevant parameters on the decrease in efficiency. As the market based on the sale of energy through this type of project has been increasing, it is necessary to have more information on the root causes that affect the total efficiency of the PVP, determine maintenance actions based on the information that is currently handled by means of remote monitoring and stabilize the profit margin in a higher value through the application of said actions, for this a fault tree analysis is carried out, where two large groups are determined; Failure in connectors and hot spots. Due to the current available information, it is decided to base this study on the maintenance of photovoltaic panels, mainly on cleaning them through the use of the tool “Solarweb”, which is an interface of Fronius brand that are capable of delivering real-time date about actions to take on the operation conditions of the facility Through the analysis of parameters such as PR, installation size and georeferenced, it was possible to determine that for plants located in IV region it is advisable to perform 5 cleanings, in the V region it is advisable to carry out 4 cleanings per year and in the VII region the performing 3 cleanings in order to maintain a stable efficiency, without producing major losses in energy production. It is possible to compare real data in different regions of Chile, demonstrating the greater stability of the temperature- corrected PR over the PR, which sets it as a better working parameter in this type of facilities. In terms of the efficiency demonstrated by the PFV surveyed north-south, the following annual average PR were obtained from north to south; 77,22% for the IV region, 84,08% for the V region and 81,71% for the VII region, where cleaning managed to increase an average yield of 1,95%, 7,73% and 10,78% respectively. Finally, guidelines are established for maintenance actions of photovoltaic panels and in this way make better use of current resources, maximizing profits from energy sale
The purpose of this analysis is to study maintenance actions for photovoltaic solar plants located in different regions of Chile, using for this purpose the analysis of the most relevant parameters on the decrease in efficiency. As the market based on the sale of energy through this type of project has been increasing, it is necessary to have more information on the root causes that affect the total efficiency of the PVP, determine maintenance actions based on the information that is currently handled by means of remote monitoring and stabilize the profit margin in a higher value through the application of said actions, for this a fault tree analysis is carried out, where two large groups are determined; Failure in connectors and hot spots. Due to the current available information, it is decided to base this study on the maintenance of photovoltaic panels, mainly on cleaning them through the use of the tool “Solarweb”, which is an interface of Fronius brand that are capable of delivering real-time date about actions to take on the operation conditions of the facility Through the analysis of parameters such as PR, installation size and georeferenced, it was possible to determine that for plants located in IV region it is advisable to perform 5 cleanings, in the V region it is advisable to carry out 4 cleanings per year and in the VII region the performing 3 cleanings in order to maintain a stable efficiency, without producing major losses in energy production. It is possible to compare real data in different regions of Chile, demonstrating the greater stability of the temperature- corrected PR over the PR, which sets it as a better working parameter in this type of facilities. In terms of the efficiency demonstrated by the PFV surveyed north-south, the following annual average PR were obtained from north to south; 77,22% for the IV region, 84,08% for the V region and 81,71% for the VII region, where cleaning managed to increase an average yield of 1,95%, 7,73% and 10,78% respectively. Finally, guidelines are established for maintenance actions of photovoltaic panels and in this way make better use of current resources, maximizing profits from energy sale
Description
Keywords
PLANTAS DE ENERGIA SOLAR, ENERGIA ELECTRICA -- CHILE, MANTENIMIENTO INSTALACION FOTOVOLTICA, PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS