Thesis Evaluación técnico-económica de la producción de biometano y bio-GNL en Chile mediante el cálculo de su costo nivelado
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Date
2026-08
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Química
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La necesidad de reducir la dependencia de combustibles fósiles importados, valorizar residuos orgánicos y avanzar en la descarbonización de sectores que requieren combustibles gaseosos o líquidos abre una ventana de oportunidad para evaluar alternativas renovables compatibles con la infraestructura energética existente. En este contexto, el presente trabajo estudia técnica y económicamente la producción de biometano y bio-GNL en Chile a partir de biomasas residuales, mediante la estimación de su costo nivelado (CNB). Se busca determinar bajo qué condiciones estos combustibles pueden constituir una alternativa al gas natural y al diésel, considerando tanto la inyección de biometano gaseoso a redes de gas como la licuefacción a bio-GNL para abastecer consumidores alejados mediante transporte terrestre. La metodología se desarrolló en ocho etapas. Primero se identificó, cuantificó y caracterizó la oferta nacional de biomasas residuales, considerando disponibilidad, distribución territorial, características físico-químicas y potencial metanogénico. Posteriormente, mediante una evaluación multicriterio (MCDA), se seleccionaron los sustratos más favorables según potencial de suministro, localización, logística, aptitud para digestión anaeróbica y restricciones de uso. Se realizó además un benchmark de plantas europeas para establecer escalas industriales, tecnologías y parámetros de operación, a partir del cual se definieron las etapas de proceso y un caso base. Finalmente, se desarrolló un modelo técnico-económico en Excel que integra el balance de masa, dimensionamiento y(...).
The need to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, recover value from organic residues, and advance the decarbonization of sectors that require gaseous or liquid fuels creates an opportunity to assess renewable alternatives compatible with existing energy infrastructure. In this context, this study evaluates the technical and economic production of biomethane and bio-LNG in Chile from residual biomass through the estimation of their levelized cost of biomethane (LCB). The aim is to determine under which conditions these fuels may constitute an alternative to natural gas and diesel, considering both the injection of gaseous biomethane into gas networks and its liquefaction into bio-LNG to supply remote consumers through road transportation. The methodology was developed in eight stages. First, the national supply of residual biomass was identified, quantified, and characterized according to availability, geographical distribution, physicochemical properties, and methane potential. Subsequently, a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was applied to select the most suitable substrates based on supply potential, location, logistics, suitability for anaerobic digestion, and use restrictions. A benchmark study of European plants was also conducted to establish representative industrial scales, technologies, and operating parameters, from which the process stages and a base case were defined. Finally, a technical-economic model was developed in Excel integrating mass balances, equipment sizing and(...).
The need to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, recover value from organic residues, and advance the decarbonization of sectors that require gaseous or liquid fuels creates an opportunity to assess renewable alternatives compatible with existing energy infrastructure. In this context, this study evaluates the technical and economic production of biomethane and bio-LNG in Chile from residual biomass through the estimation of their levelized cost of biomethane (LCB). The aim is to determine under which conditions these fuels may constitute an alternative to natural gas and diesel, considering both the injection of gaseous biomethane into gas networks and its liquefaction into bio-LNG to supply remote consumers through road transportation. The methodology was developed in eight stages. First, the national supply of residual biomass was identified, quantified, and characterized according to availability, geographical distribution, physicochemical properties, and methane potential. Subsequently, a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was applied to select the most suitable substrates based on supply potential, location, logistics, suitability for anaerobic digestion, and use restrictions. A benchmark study of European plants was also conducted to establish representative industrial scales, technologies, and operating parameters, from which the process stages and a base case were defined. Finally, a technical-economic model was developed in Excel integrating mass balances, equipment sizing and(...).
Description
Keywords
Biometano, Bio-GNL, Biomasas residuales, Digestión anaeróbica, Costo nivelado, Análisis económico
