Thesis Relación del capital humano STEM y el crecimiento país caso Argentina y Colombia
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Date
2026-01-13
Authors
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Program
Ingeniería Comercial
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la relación estadística entre la formación de capital humano en áreas de Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas (STEM) y el crecimiento económico en Argentina y Colombia durante el período 2013-2022. Adoptando un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance correlacional, se estimaron modelos econométricos bivariados mediante el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO), utilizando series de tiempo transformadas en diferencias logarítmicas para corregir la no estacionariedad. Los resultados muestran diferencias entre los países analizados. En el caso de Colombia, se identifica una asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la variación de los egresados en áreas STEM y el crecimiento del Producto Interno Bruto. En contraste, para Argentina no se observa una relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables, por lo que no es posible establecer una asociación lineal en el período considerado. Estos hallazgos evidencian que la relación entre capital humano especializado y crecimiento económico no es uniforme entre países y depende del contexto empírico analizado, así como de las limitaciones inherentes a los modelos bivariados utilizados.
This study examines the statistical relationship between the formation of human capital in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and economic growth in Argentina and Colombia during the period 2013–2022. A quantitative approach with a correlational scope is adopted, and bivariate econometric models are estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, employing time series transformed into logarithmic differences to address non-stationarity issues. The results reveal differences between the countries analyzed. In the case of Colombia, a positive and statistically significant association is identified between the variation in STEM graduates and Gross Domestic Product growth. In contrast, for Argentina, no statistically significant relationship is observed between the variables, making it impossible to establish a linear association over the period considered. These findings indicate that the relationship between specialized human capital and economic growth is not uniform across countries and depends on the empirical context analyzed, as well as on the inherent limitations of the bivariate models employed.
This study examines the statistical relationship between the formation of human capital in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and economic growth in Argentina and Colombia during the period 2013–2022. A quantitative approach with a correlational scope is adopted, and bivariate econometric models are estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, employing time series transformed into logarithmic differences to address non-stationarity issues. The results reveal differences between the countries analyzed. In the case of Colombia, a positive and statistically significant association is identified between the variation in STEM graduates and Gross Domestic Product growth. In contrast, for Argentina, no statistically significant relationship is observed between the variables, making it impossible to establish a linear association over the period considered. These findings indicate that the relationship between specialized human capital and economic growth is not uniform across countries and depends on the empirical context analyzed, as well as on the inherent limitations of the bivariate models employed.
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Keywords
Capital humano, Crecimiento económico, Educación STEM, Modelos econométricos, Human capital, Economic growth, STEM education, Econometric models
