Thesis HABILITACIÓN DE UN SEGUIDOR SOLAR
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Date
2011-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
DEPARTAMENTO DE ELECTRÓNICA. INGENIERÍA CIVIL ELECTRÓNICA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo es habilitar un seguidor solar que funcione con autonomía y la precisión
necesaria para su uso en estudios de radiación solar realizados por el Laboratorio de Evaluació n
Solar de la Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Este equipo no se encuentra en uso y se
pretende que pueda funcionar tanto de manera automática, para seguimiento del Sol, como
manual para realización de otras mediciones y experimentos de interés para el Laboratorio.
Se requiere que el seguidor se mantenga alineado con el Sol con una precisión suficiente para el
uso con instrumentos de medición de radiación solar. Dado que el Sol no es visible la totalidad
del tiempo se considera un método de estimación de la posición relativa del Sol para un instante y
una ubicación geográfica determinados. Para cuando el Sol está visible se considera además un
método de medición de la desviación angular del seguidor respecto al Sol como resultado de lo
anterior y un método para corregirla.
Se investigan los modelos para describir la posición del Sol, los métodos y algoritmos que se
desprenden y finalmente la implementación en lenguajes de programación y plataformas
específicos.
Se aborda además el tema de medición de la desalineación del seguidor solar respecto al Sol y la
forma de corregirla utilizando un fotodiodo de cuatro cuadrantes.
Condicionado principalmente por el trabajo preexistente, la plataforma en la cual se implementa
es un micro controlador de familia PIC (Microchip) y el lenguaje de programación es C.
Se considera además la incorporación de un reloj de tiempo real preciso para proveer la hora y
fecha local al micro controlador para realizar los cálculos de estimación de posición.
Los resultados de funcionamiento tanto usando el modelo determinista y mediciones de la
posición del Sol muestran que el equipo puede funcionar de manera autónoma compensando
perturbaciones temporales.
The aim of this work is to enable a solar tracker to work with the autonomy and the precision required for use in studies of solar radiation made by the Solar Evaluation Laboratory at the Technical University Federico Santa María. This equipment is not in use and is intended to be run either automatically, to follow the Sun, as manually for carrying out further measurements and experiments relevant to the Laboratory. It requires the tracker remains aligned with the Sun with sufficient accuracy for use with instruments for measuring solar radiation. Since the Sun is not visible all the time is considered a method of estimating the relative position of the sun for a moment and a certain geographic location. When the sun is visible is also considered a method of measuring the angular deviation of the tracker relative to the Sun as a result of the above and a method to correct it. Models are investigated to describe the position of the Sun, the methods and algorithms that break off and finally the implementation in programming languages and specific platforms. It also addresses the issue of measuring the solar tracker misalignment and how to correct it using a four-quadrant photo diode. Accordingly to the existing work, a PIC family micro-controller (Microchip) is chosen as the hardware platform and the programming language is C. It is also considered the incorporation of a real time clock to provide accurate local time and date to the PIC to perform the calculations that estimate position. The results of using the deterministic model and measurements mode shows that the sun tracker can operate autonomously compensating temporary disturbances.
The aim of this work is to enable a solar tracker to work with the autonomy and the precision required for use in studies of solar radiation made by the Solar Evaluation Laboratory at the Technical University Federico Santa María. This equipment is not in use and is intended to be run either automatically, to follow the Sun, as manually for carrying out further measurements and experiments relevant to the Laboratory. It requires the tracker remains aligned with the Sun with sufficient accuracy for use with instruments for measuring solar radiation. Since the Sun is not visible all the time is considered a method of estimating the relative position of the sun for a moment and a certain geographic location. When the sun is visible is also considered a method of measuring the angular deviation of the tracker relative to the Sun as a result of the above and a method to correct it. Models are investigated to describe the position of the Sun, the methods and algorithms that break off and finally the implementation in programming languages and specific platforms. It also addresses the issue of measuring the solar tracker misalignment and how to correct it using a four-quadrant photo diode. Accordingly to the existing work, a PIC family micro-controller (Microchip) is chosen as the hardware platform and the programming language is C. It is also considered the incorporation of a real time clock to provide accurate local time and date to the PIC to perform the calculations that estimate position. The results of using the deterministic model and measurements mode shows that the sun tracker can operate autonomously compensating temporary disturbances.
Description
Keywords
SEGUIDOR SOLAR