Thesis ALTERNATIVAS TECNOLÓGICAS PARA LA REMOCIÓN DE INCRUSTACIONES GENERADAS EN TUBERÍAS DE PLS
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Date
2018
Journal Title
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Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
La formación de incrustaciones de yeso es uno de los grandes problemas que afectan a la industria química y metalúrgica. Estas formaciones pueden ocurrir en procesos como; desalinización, transferencia de calor, transporte de soluciones, entre otros. Debido a su difícil remoción y gran impacto en equipos y tuberías, pueden generar grandes costos directos por mantenibilidad e indirectos por afectación de la operación normal de una planta.En este contexto, la presente memoria de título busca estudiar el fenómeno de las incrustaciones, abordando en el análisis, los fenómenos de cristalización y solubilidad de las soluciones sobresaturadas. Basados en este análisis técnico y experimentos a escala de laboratorio, se proponen alternativas tecnológicas que permitan reducir el problema de incrustaciones.A través de esta memoria se busca experimentalmente una solución química y/o mecánica para la remoción de las incrustaciones desde tuberías usadas para el transporte de soluciones de lixiviación, con la presencia de diferentes iones y concentraciones variables. Los experimentos a escala de laboratorio con masas pequeñas incluyeron el uso de 5 reactivos base, utilizados frecuentemente para la disolución de las incrustaciones. Con los reactivos que presentaron los mejores resultados de disolución, se realizaron experimentos para remover incrustaciones de mayor volumen: i) experimentos escala laboratorio con masas grandes, ii) experimentos en sección de tubería y iii) experimentos semi-piloto. Los mejores resultados fueron obtenidos con los reactivos ACI-1 50% y ACI-2 aplicados en dos etapas, seguidos de una acción mecánica, estos indican cifras de aumento del área libre del orden del 40%, mientras que la masa removida para el ensayo final estuvo en torno al 20%.Por otra parte, el análisis de costos indica que el valor para la alternativa seleccionada, que contempla la combinación de limpieza química y mecánica, tiene un costo de 340 kUS$/mantención, estos costos consideran el valor de los reactivos para limpieza química, elemento de limpieza mecánica, transporte y disposición final.
Gypsum scale formation is one of the greatest problems that affect the chemical and metallurgical industry. These formations might occur in processes such as; desalination, heat transfer, transportation of solutions, among others. Due to its difficult removal and great impact on equipment and pipes, they can generate high direct cost by maintainability and indirect costs by affecting the normal operation of a plant.In this context, the present title memory search to study the scale phenomena, approaching in the analysis, the phenomena of crystallization and solubility of the supersaturated solutions. Based on this technical analysis and experiments at the laboratory scale, technological alternatives are proposed to reduce the problem of incrustations.Through this memory, a chemical and/or mechanical solution for the removal of scale from pipes used for the transport of leaching solutions is sought experimentally, with the presence of different ions and varying concentrations. Laboratory scale experiments with small masses included the use of 5 base reagents, frequently used for scale dissolution. With the reagents that presented the best dissolution results, experiments were carried out to remove larger scale incrustations: i) laboratory scale experiments with large masses, ii) pipe section experiments and iii) semi-pilot experiments. The best results were obtained with the reagents ACI-1 50% and ACI-2 applied in two stages, followed by a mechanical action, these indicate figures of increase of the free area of the order of 40%, while the mass removed for the test final was around 20%.On the other hand, the cost analysis indicates that the value for the selected alternative, which includes the combination of chemical and mechanical cleaning, has a cost of 340kUS$/maintenance, these costs consider the value of the reagents for chemical cleaning, element of mechanical cleaning, transportation and final disposal.
Gypsum scale formation is one of the greatest problems that affect the chemical and metallurgical industry. These formations might occur in processes such as; desalination, heat transfer, transportation of solutions, among others. Due to its difficult removal and great impact on equipment and pipes, they can generate high direct cost by maintainability and indirect costs by affecting the normal operation of a plant.In this context, the present title memory search to study the scale phenomena, approaching in the analysis, the phenomena of crystallization and solubility of the supersaturated solutions. Based on this technical analysis and experiments at the laboratory scale, technological alternatives are proposed to reduce the problem of incrustations.Through this memory, a chemical and/or mechanical solution for the removal of scale from pipes used for the transport of leaching solutions is sought experimentally, with the presence of different ions and varying concentrations. Laboratory scale experiments with small masses included the use of 5 base reagents, frequently used for scale dissolution. With the reagents that presented the best dissolution results, experiments were carried out to remove larger scale incrustations: i) laboratory scale experiments with large masses, ii) pipe section experiments and iii) semi-pilot experiments. The best results were obtained with the reagents ACI-1 50% and ACI-2 applied in two stages, followed by a mechanical action, these indicate figures of increase of the free area of the order of 40%, while the mass removed for the test final was around 20%.On the other hand, the cost analysis indicates that the value for the selected alternative, which includes the combination of chemical and mechanical cleaning, has a cost of 340kUS$/maintenance, these costs consider the value of the reagents for chemical cleaning, element of mechanical cleaning, transportation and final disposal.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
INCRUSTACIONES DE YESO, REMOCION DE INCRUSTACIONES, TUBERIAS DE PLS