Thesis FACTIBILIDAD DE CONVERSIÓN DE ENERGÍA A TRAVÉS DE CENTRALES DE PASADA A PEQUEÑA ESCALA EN CHILE
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Date
2018
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Program
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA FEDERICO SANTA MARÍA UTFSM. DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA COMERCIAL. MAGÍSTER EN GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL-MBA
Campus
Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Chile cuenta con amplios recursos energéticos renovables, con un potencial hidroeléctrico sobre los 16 MW.
Sin embargo, tiene una producción de energía eléctrica insuficiente cuya generación está cubierta por cerca de un 34 % de energía hidroeléctrica que se ve afectado fuertemente durante el verano o estación seca.
En este trabajo, se realizó un análisis técnico y económico para determinar la factibilidad de conversión de energía a través de una central de pasada utilizando la herramienta computacional RETScreen de CANMET Canadá.
En la revisión de los antecedentes se verificó que las regiones del centro y sur de Chile tienen el mayor potencial hidroeléctrico para centrales de pasada que cualquier otro sector y coincide con las zonas de mayor densidad poblacional.
Se realizaron análisis financieros para determinar la viabilidad económica de dicho proyecto aplicandolo a un caso específico del sector vitivinícola. También se realizó análisis de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y se visualizó el impacto en la huella de carbono. El análisis reveló que 2.037 toneladas de CO2 por año, equivalentes a 888.562 litros de gasolina, pueden ser reducidos por esta instalación.
El proyecto que cuenta con una vida útil de 30 años es viable y atractivo ya que presenta un VAN de CLP 128.185.269, una TIR después de impuestos de 15,6 %, una relación de costo – beneficio de 1,61 y un período de pago del capital de 14,4 años.
Especial atención se debe tener, en una siguiente fase, en la estimación y control de los costos iniciales del proyecto dado que es la variable financiera que más impacta de forma negativa al VAN y la TIR. En menor medida, impactan negativamente la tasa de interés, duración de la deuda y los costos de operación y mantenimiento durante la vida útil del proyecto.
Se comprueba que RETScreen es una herramienta de alta utilidad para el desarrollo de proyectos en una etapa de factibilidad, donde se admite una variación de los valores estimados hasta un +/- 25 %, dado que los principales indicadores financieros como el VAN y TIR, entre otros, son posibles obtenerlos con relativa facilidad para ser usados en la toma de decisiones.
Chile has extensive renewable energy resources, with hydroelectric potential over 16 MW. However, Chile has an insufficient electricity production whose generation is covered by about 34% of hydroelectric energy that is strongly affected during the summer or dry season. In this work, a technical analysis was carried out to verify the feasibility of energy conversion through a run-of-the-river power plant using the RETScreen computational tool provided by CANMET Canada. In the review of the related information, it was verified that the regions of central and southern Chile have the greatest hydroelectric potential for run-of-river power plants than any other sector and that it coincides with areas with highest population density. Financial analyzes were done to determine the economic viability of said project by applying it to a specific case of the wine sector. Emissions analyzes were also carried out based on the capacity of these projects to offset greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the sustainability of the energy sector by determining the impact on the carbon footprint, whose analysis revealed that 37.790 tons of CO2 per year, equivalent to 888.562 liters of gasoline, can be reduced by these facilities. The project that has a useful life of 25 years is viable and attractive since it has a NPV of CLP 128.185.269 an IRR after taxes of 15,6 %, a cost-benefit ratio of 1,61 and a period of capital payment of 14,4 years. Special attention must be paid to a possible next phase in the estimation and control of the initial costs of the project given that it is the financial variable that most negatively impacts the NPV and the IRR. To a lesser extent, they negatively impact the interest rate, the duration of the debt and the operation and maintenance costs during the useful life of the project. It is verified that RETScreen is a highly useful tool for the development of projects in a feasibility stage, where a variation of the estimated values is admitted up to +/- 25 %, given that the main financial indicators such as the VAN, TIR, among others, it is possible to obtain them with relative ease to be used in decision making.
Chile has extensive renewable energy resources, with hydroelectric potential over 16 MW. However, Chile has an insufficient electricity production whose generation is covered by about 34% of hydroelectric energy that is strongly affected during the summer or dry season. In this work, a technical analysis was carried out to verify the feasibility of energy conversion through a run-of-the-river power plant using the RETScreen computational tool provided by CANMET Canada. In the review of the related information, it was verified that the regions of central and southern Chile have the greatest hydroelectric potential for run-of-river power plants than any other sector and that it coincides with areas with highest population density. Financial analyzes were done to determine the economic viability of said project by applying it to a specific case of the wine sector. Emissions analyzes were also carried out based on the capacity of these projects to offset greenhouse gas emissions and ensure the sustainability of the energy sector by determining the impact on the carbon footprint, whose analysis revealed that 37.790 tons of CO2 per year, equivalent to 888.562 liters of gasoline, can be reduced by these facilities. The project that has a useful life of 25 years is viable and attractive since it has a NPV of CLP 128.185.269 an IRR after taxes of 15,6 %, a cost-benefit ratio of 1,61 and a period of capital payment of 14,4 years. Special attention must be paid to a possible next phase in the estimation and control of the initial costs of the project given that it is the financial variable that most negatively impacts the NPV and the IRR. To a lesser extent, they negatively impact the interest rate, the duration of the debt and the operation and maintenance costs during the useful life of the project. It is verified that RETScreen is a highly useful tool for the development of projects in a feasibility stage, where a variation of the estimated values is admitted up to +/- 25 %, given that the main financial indicators such as the VAN, TIR, among others, it is possible to obtain them with relative ease to be used in decision making.
Description
Keywords
CONVERSION DE ENERGIA, RECURSOS ENERGETICOS RENOVABLES, POTENCIAL HIDROELECTRICO