Thesis DESARROLLO DE UNA PROPUESTA DE MEJORA EN INFRAESTRUCTURA APLICANDO HERRAMIENTAS DE EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA E INGENIERÍA PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE COSTOS PRODUCTIVOS DE EMPRESAS PROCESADORAS DE PRODUCTOS MARINOS CONGELADOS, CASO APLICADO. EMPRESA ALMAR S.A.
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Date
2016
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
INGENIERIA CIVIL INDUSTRIAL
Campus
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María UTFSM. Campus Vitacura Santiago
Abstract
El presente trabajo se basa en el estudio energético de los procesos productivos de la empresa ALMAR S.A., la que se dedica a procesar productos marinos congelados, en específico de la Calamar de Humbolt o más conocido como Jibia (Docidicus gigas), los cuales exporta a Corea de Sur y en consecuencia es intensiva en el uso de energía eléctrica.El objeto del análisis es desarrollar propuestas para que la empresa pueda alcanzar un consumo de energía más eficiente y lograr disminuir otros costos asociados a su consumo como son las multas que le son cursadas a consecuencia del Bajo Factor de Potencia que registra la empresa.Lo anterior se contextualiza en un momento en que la matriz energética de Chile es altamente dependiente de fuentes extranjeras en donde no existe un control absoluto del precio y del abastecimiento y por otra parte la infraestructura de generación y en específica la de trasmisión de la energía eléctrica, con los años se ha vuelto cada vez más costosa.Se observa que, en los últimos años, el estado de Chile ha desarrollado planificaciones para el desarrollo del sector energético, fruto de lo cual actualmente en dicha materia rige la Política Nacional de Energía 2050, la que destaca la importancia del uso eficiente de la energíaAdemás, en Chile, el sector que tiene el mayor consumo de energía es el Industrial al cual pertenece la empresa en estudio.El desarrollo de este trabajo se define el proceso productivo de ALMAR S.A. identificando que el proceso de congelamiento es el de mayor preponderancia económica y energética en la cadena de valor de la empresa.Luego se establece el consumo actual de energía de la planta de procesos de ALMARA S.A, determinándose que mensualmente en electricidad consume en promedio de 22.695 [KW], con un peak de consumo de 33.360 [KW] del cual el 91,66% de consumo de energía en procesos de frío.Luego, se detallan propuestas de mejoras al proceso e infraestructura de la empresa en donde se concluye que no hay modificaciones a los componentes del sistema de congelamiento que mejoren significativamente la eficiencia térmico-energética del sistema, con la excepción de la unidad de compresión del gas Refrigerante R404 A, la que podría ser reemplazada por dos compresores BOCK HGX6/ 1240-4, con lo que el consumo de energía del sistema de congelamiento se reduciría en un 12,40 % el consumo total de energía de la empresa, equivalentes a 3.038,10 [KWh], y reduce la huella de carbono de la empresa en 2.779,86 [Kgr] de CO2 al mes. Por otra parte, se propone incorporar un Banco de Condensadores a la red eléctrica de la ALMAR S.A. que evitaría las multas por Bajo Factor de Potencia, con lo que la facturación total de la empresa, se reduciría en un 9%., así como también se propone el cambio de compresores y la incorporación del Banco de Condensadores a la vez.A pesar de lo anterior, de todas formas, se propone reemplazar del equipamiento de iluminación de la empresa por uno más eficiente, sustituyendo 44 Tubos Fluorescentes por igual número de ampolletas Led, así como las 4 Ampolletas de Filamento por Ampolletas Led, reduciendo el consumo total de energía en 1,53%.Finalmente se propone implementar elementos de Monitoreo y Control de Procesos y otras propuestas de mejora como el que, los furos Túneles de Aire Forzado del sistema de8congelamiento se realice preferentemente vertical para facilitar el proceso de congelamiento y reducir el tiempo que requiere esta etapa del proceso productivo.Al evaluar económicamente la implementación de las propuestas de mejoras, se observa que la rentabilidad de reemplazar el compresor actual por dos compresores Bock HXG6 es menor que la de incorporar un Banco de Condensadores, mientras que la implementación conjunta de ambos proyectos es más rentable aún.En todos los escenarios analizados la TIR señala que las distintas alternativas resisten incrementos importantes en la Tasa de Descuento y, en consecuencia, los distintos proyectos siguen siendo rentables ante cambios que pueda experimentar la economía.Finalmente, de acuerdo los resultados, se recomienda a la empresa implementar ambos proyectos a la vez y si la empresa no tuviese la capacidad de hacerlo y tuviese que priorizar uno de ellos, se recomienda incorporar un Banco de Condensadores a la red eléctrica de la empresa.
The present work is based on the energy study of the production processes of the company ALMAR SA, which is dedicated to the processing of frozen marine products, specifically the Humbolt Squid or better known as Jibia (Docidicus gigas), which exports to South Korea and consequently is intensive in the use of electric power.The purpose of the analysis is to develop proposals for the company to achieve a more efficient energy consumption and to reduce other costs associated with its consumption, such as the fines that are incurred as a result of the Low Power Factor recorded by the company.The above is contextualized at a time when Chile's energy matrix is highly dependent on foreign sources where there is no absolute control of price and supply and on the other hand the generation infrastructure and in specific the transmission of electric energy, Over the years it has become increasingly expensive.It is observed that in recent years, the state of Chile has developed plans for the development of the energy sector, which is the reason for the National Energy Policy 2050, which emphasizes the importance of efficient energy useAlso in Chile, the sector that has the highest energy consumption is the Industrial to which the company under study belongs.The development of this work defines the productive process of ALMAR S.A. Identifying that the process of freezing is the one of greater economic and energetic preponderance in the value chain of the company.Then, the current energy consumption of the ALMARA SA process plant is established, determining that monthly electricity consumes an average of 22,695 [KW], with a consumption peak of 33,360 [KW] of which 91.66% of consumption Of energy in cold processes.Next, detailed proposals for improvements to the process and infrastructure of the company where it is concluded that there are no modifications to the components of the freezing system that significantly improve the thermal-energy efficiency of the system, with the exception of the gas compression unit Refrigerant R404 A, which could be replaced by two compressors BOCK HGX6 / 1240-4, so that the energy consumption of the freezing system would be reduced by 12.40% of the total energy consumption of the company, equivalent to 3,038.10 [KWh], and reduces the company's carbon footprint by 2,779.86 [Kg] of CO2 per month.On the other hand, it is proposed to incorporate a Capacitor Bank into the ALMAR S.A. Which would avoid fines for Low Power Factor, so that the total turnover of the company, would be reduced by 9%, as well as the proposed change of compressors and the addition of the Capacitor Bank at the same time.In spite of the above, however, it is proposed to replace the lighting equipment of the company with a more efficient one, replacing 44 Fluorescent Tubes with an equal number of Led bulbs, as well as the 4 Filament Ampoules with Led Ampoules, reducing the total consumption of energy in 1.53%.Finally, it is proposed to implement elements of Monitoring and Control of Processes and other proposals for improvement such as that the Forced Air Tunnels of the freezing systemis preferably performed vertically to facilitate the freezing process and reduce the time required by this stage of the process productive.When evaluating economically the implementation of the improvement proposals, it is observed that the cost of replacing the current compressor by two Bock HXG6 compressors is less than that of incorporating a Capacitor Bank, while the joint implementation of both projects is even more profitable.In all scenarios analyzed, the IRR points out that the different alternatives resist significant increases in the discount rate and, consequently, the different projects remain profitable in the face of changes in the economy.Finally, according to the results, it is recommended that the company implement both projects at the same time and if the company did not have the capacity to do so and had to prioritize one of them, it is recommended to incorporate a bank of capacitors to the company's electricity network.
The present work is based on the energy study of the production processes of the company ALMAR SA, which is dedicated to the processing of frozen marine products, specifically the Humbolt Squid or better known as Jibia (Docidicus gigas), which exports to South Korea and consequently is intensive in the use of electric power.The purpose of the analysis is to develop proposals for the company to achieve a more efficient energy consumption and to reduce other costs associated with its consumption, such as the fines that are incurred as a result of the Low Power Factor recorded by the company.The above is contextualized at a time when Chile's energy matrix is highly dependent on foreign sources where there is no absolute control of price and supply and on the other hand the generation infrastructure and in specific the transmission of electric energy, Over the years it has become increasingly expensive.It is observed that in recent years, the state of Chile has developed plans for the development of the energy sector, which is the reason for the National Energy Policy 2050, which emphasizes the importance of efficient energy useAlso in Chile, the sector that has the highest energy consumption is the Industrial to which the company under study belongs.The development of this work defines the productive process of ALMAR S.A. Identifying that the process of freezing is the one of greater economic and energetic preponderance in the value chain of the company.Then, the current energy consumption of the ALMARA SA process plant is established, determining that monthly electricity consumes an average of 22,695 [KW], with a consumption peak of 33,360 [KW] of which 91.66% of consumption Of energy in cold processes.Next, detailed proposals for improvements to the process and infrastructure of the company where it is concluded that there are no modifications to the components of the freezing system that significantly improve the thermal-energy efficiency of the system, with the exception of the gas compression unit Refrigerant R404 A, which could be replaced by two compressors BOCK HGX6 / 1240-4, so that the energy consumption of the freezing system would be reduced by 12.40% of the total energy consumption of the company, equivalent to 3,038.10 [KWh], and reduces the company's carbon footprint by 2,779.86 [Kg] of CO2 per month.On the other hand, it is proposed to incorporate a Capacitor Bank into the ALMAR S.A. Which would avoid fines for Low Power Factor, so that the total turnover of the company, would be reduced by 9%, as well as the proposed change of compressors and the addition of the Capacitor Bank at the same time.In spite of the above, however, it is proposed to replace the lighting equipment of the company with a more efficient one, replacing 44 Fluorescent Tubes with an equal number of Led bulbs, as well as the 4 Filament Ampoules with Led Ampoules, reducing the total consumption of energy in 1.53%.Finally, it is proposed to implement elements of Monitoring and Control of Processes and other proposals for improvement such as that the Forced Air Tunnels of the freezing systemis preferably performed vertically to facilitate the freezing process and reduce the time required by this stage of the process productive.When evaluating economically the implementation of the improvement proposals, it is observed that the cost of replacing the current compressor by two Bock HXG6 compressors is less than that of incorporating a Capacitor Bank, while the joint implementation of both projects is even more profitable.In all scenarios analyzed, the IRR points out that the different alternatives resist significant increases in the discount rate and, consequently, the different projects remain profitable in the face of changes in the economy.Finally, according to the results, it is recommended that the company implement both projects at the same time and if the company did not have the capacity to do so and had to prioritize one of them, it is recommended to incorporate a bank of capacitors to the company's electricity network.
Description
Catalogado desde la version PDF de la tesis.
Keywords
BANCO DE CONDESADORES, EMPRESA ALMAR S.A., PROCESOS PRODUCTIVOS, PRODUCTOS MARINOS CONGELADOS, RED ELECTRICA