Thesis Implementación de un banco de pruebas para la geneación y almacenamiento de hidrógeno, para su posterior inyección a motor diésel
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Date
2015-10
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Program
Ingeniería Civil Mecánica, Mención Energía
Departament
Campus
Campus Casa Central Valparaíso
Abstract
Los altos precios de los combustibles y la creciente contaminación atmosférica han obligado a buscar combustibles distintos a los actuales que presenten una solución a dichos problemas. Una solución viable es la utilización del hidrógeno como combustible, que en comparación con los combustibles derivados posee ciertas ventajas, como un mayor poder calorífico y una combustión limpia, generando sólo agua como producto. Sin embargo, el problema es la generación, ya que es muy caro de producir en la actualidad, además de la complejidad de su almacenaje. Es por esta razón que se debe investigar y generar un estado del arte de los diversos sistemas de generación y almacenamiento de hidrógeno, para poder sugerir la mejor tecnología para el fin buscado. Dentro de este marco resulta muy interesante el uso de electrolizadores SOE y PEM presurizados, eliminando así la problemática del uso de un compresor para aumentar la presión al gas y poder lograr una mayor densidad energética por unidad de volumen y masa. Dentro del marco del almacenaje, los hidruros metálicos presentan el futuro de este sistema; sin embargo, debido a que se encuentran en etapa de I+D, lo más conveniente es almacenar el hidrógeno en estado gaseoso y comprimido si es que se quiere generar y almacenar a bordo del mismo vehículo. Debido a que el almacenaje a presión es complicado y requiere de un gran número de equipos, se ha decidido hacer una experiencia práctica que tiene por finalidad generar, almacenar e inyectar este gas a un motor diésel, utilizando el hidrógeno a presión atmosférica. La generación de hidrógeno se realiza por electrólisis, ocupando los equipos disponibles en la universidad. Uno de ellos es una celda generadora de gas HHO, que debido a su forma constructiva es imposible de utilizar para los fines de esta investigación(...).
High fuel prices and increasing air pollution have been forced to look for different fuels, which submit a solution to these problems. A viable solution is the use of hydrogen as fuel, which compared with those derived from oil has certain advantages, such as a higher calorific value, a clean combustion which generates only water as a product. However, the problem is the generation, because it is very expensive to produce at present, besides the complexity of storage. It is for this reason that in this investigation, there will perform a state of the art of the various systems of hydrogen generation and storage, with the finality to be able to suggest the best technology to the end sought in this report. Within this framework it is very interesting to use pressurized PEM and SOE electrolysers, eliminating the problem of the use of a compressor to increase gas pressure with the finality of achieve a higher energy density per unit volume and mass. Within the framework of the hydrogen storage, the metal hydrides present the most attractive properties in the future of storage of hydrogen, however, because it is in the stage of R & D, it is best to store compressed hydrogen if you want to generate and storing on board the same vehicle, until the metal hydrides become a feasible technology. Because the storage pressure is complicated and requires a large number of equipments, it has decided to makea practical experience which aims to generate, store and inject the gas into a diesel engine at atmospheric pressure. The generation of hydrogen is generated by electrolysis, taking the equipment available at the university. One is a HHO gas generating cell, which due to their design is unusable for the purposes of this investigation(...).
High fuel prices and increasing air pollution have been forced to look for different fuels, which submit a solution to these problems. A viable solution is the use of hydrogen as fuel, which compared with those derived from oil has certain advantages, such as a higher calorific value, a clean combustion which generates only water as a product. However, the problem is the generation, because it is very expensive to produce at present, besides the complexity of storage. It is for this reason that in this investigation, there will perform a state of the art of the various systems of hydrogen generation and storage, with the finality to be able to suggest the best technology to the end sought in this report. Within this framework it is very interesting to use pressurized PEM and SOE electrolysers, eliminating the problem of the use of a compressor to increase gas pressure with the finality of achieve a higher energy density per unit volume and mass. Within the framework of the hydrogen storage, the metal hydrides present the most attractive properties in the future of storage of hydrogen, however, because it is in the stage of R & D, it is best to store compressed hydrogen if you want to generate and storing on board the same vehicle, until the metal hydrides become a feasible technology. Because the storage pressure is complicated and requires a large number of equipments, it has decided to makea practical experience which aims to generate, store and inject the gas into a diesel engine at atmospheric pressure. The generation of hydrogen is generated by electrolysis, taking the equipment available at the university. One is a HHO gas generating cell, which due to their design is unusable for the purposes of this investigation(...).
Description
Keywords
Combustibles alternativos, Contaminación atmosférica
